Perineural invasion and spread in head and neck cancer

Johnston, Melissa P.; Yu, Eugene; Kim, John

doi:10.1586/era.12.9

Cited by 58 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Previous studies have explored the molecular mechanisms underlying PNI associated with tumors. First, potential gaps between the perineurium and fascicles of the nerve serves as a conduit for tumor cells migration (17,18). In addition, the mutual coexistence between tumors and surrounding nerves facilitates PNI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the association between perineural invasion and clinical and histopathological features of cervical cancer

Wei

Yao

Liu

2016

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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Abstract. Perineural invasion (PNI) has been investigated as a new prognostic factor in a number of carcinomas. However, studies on PNI in cervical cancer are limited, and inconsistent conclusions have been reported by different groups. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between perineural invasion (PNI) and clinical and histopathological features of cervical cancer, and to evaluate the clinical significance of PNI of cervical cancer. Retrospective review identified 206 patients with cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy plus pelvic lymphadenectomy between December 2012 and August 2014. The association between PNI and clinical and histopathological features of cervical cancer and post-operative radiotherapy was evaluated based on univariate and multivariate analyses. PNI of cervical cancer was identified in 33 of 206 (16%) cervical cancer patients. Univariate analysis demonstrated that PNI was associated with clinical stage, tumor grade, tumor size, depth of invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), but not associated with age and histopathological types (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis suggests that LVSI and lymph node metastasis were associated with PNI of cervical cancer (P<0.05). In addition, post-operative radiotherapy was significantly more recommended for patients with PNI than those without PNI (P<0.001). In conclusion, PNI of cervical cancer is associated with LVSI and lymph node metastasis and can be used as an index for the determination of post-operative radiotherapy for cervical cancer patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the association between perineural invasion and clinical and histopathological features of cervical cancer

Wei

Yao

Liu

2016

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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“…PNI is an under-recognized and poorly understood route of metastatic spread (3). PNI in is a marker of poor prognosis for many malignancies, including pancreatic, prostate, head and neck, skin, salivary, colon, and other cancers (3, 30–32). Signaling between cancer cells and nerves through ligand-receptor interactions appears to be a key mechanism through which cancer cell migration towards and along nerves may be induced (3, 9, 12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemokine (CCL2–CCR2) Signaling Axis Mediates Perineural Invasion

Chen

et al. 2015

Molecular Cancer Research

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Perineural invasion (PNI) is a form of cancer progression where cancer cells invade along nerves. This behavior is associated with poor clinical outcomes; therefore, it is critical to identify novel ligand-receptor interactions between nerves and cancer cells that support the process of PNI. A proteomic profiler chemokine array was used to screen for nerve-derived factors secreted from tissue explants of dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and CCL2 was identified as a lead candidate. Prostate cancer cell line expression of CCR2, the receptor to CCL2, correlated closely with MAPK and Akt pathway activity and cell migration towards CCL2 and DRG. In vitro nerve and cancer co-culture invasion assays of PNI demonstrated that cancer cell CCR2 expression facilitates PNI. PNI is significantly diminished in co-culture assays when using DRG harvested from CCL2−/− knockout mice as compared with control CCL2+/+ mice, indicating that CCR2 is required for PNI in this murine model of PNI. Furthermore, 20/21 (95%) of patient specimens of prostate adenocarcinoma with PNI exhibited CCR2 expression by immunohistochemistry, while just 3/13 (23%) lacking PNI expressed CCR2. In summary, nerve-released CCL2 supports prostate cancer migration and PNI though CCR2-mediated signaling.

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“…Cancer cells have the ability to infiltrate nerves along the epineural, perineural and endoneural space, inducing tissue infiltration and nerve damage, and this is known as perineural invasion (PNI) (5,6) and is associated with tumor progression and local recurrence (6,7). Not all cancers lead to PNI, but it is reported in up to 80% of head and neck cancer patients, the most affected nerves are the trigeminal and the facial nerve (8).…”

Section: Key Players In Oral Cancer Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer and orofacial pain

Salvemini

2016

Med Oral

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BackgroundCancer pain is a devastating condition. Pain in the orofacial region, may be present as the single symptom of cancer or as a symptom of cancer in its later stages. This manuscript revises in a comprehensive manner the content of the conference entitled “Orofacial Pain and Cancer” (Dolor Orofacial y Cancer) given at the VI Simposio International “Advances in Oral Cancer” on the 22 July, 2016 in Donostia.Material and MethodsWe have reviewed (pubmed-medline) from the most relevant literature including reviews, systematic reviews and clinical cases, the significant and evidence-based mechanisms and mediators of cancer-associated facial pain, the diverse types of cancers that can be present in the craniofacial region locally or from distant sites that can refer to the orofacial region, cancer therapy that may induce pain in the orofacial region as well as discussed some of the new advancements in cancer pain therapy.ResultsThere is still a lack of understanding of cancer pain pathophysiology since depends of the intrinsic heterogeneity, type and anatomic location that the cancer may present, making more challenging the creation of better therapeutic options. Orofacial pain can arise from regional or distant tumor effects or as a consequence of cancer therapy.ConclusionsThe clinician needs to be aware that the pain may present the characteristics of any other orofacial pain disorder so a careful differential diagnosis needs to be given. Cancer pain diagnosis is made by exclusion and only can be reached after a thorough medical history, and all the common etiologies have been carefully investigated and ruled out. The current management tools are not optimal but there is hope for new, safer and effective therapies coming in the next years. Key words:Pain, orofacial, facial, cancer.

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Perineural invasion and spread in head and neck cancer

Cited by 58 publications

References 57 publications

Evaluation of the association between perineural invasion and clinical and histopathological features of cervical cancer

Evaluation of the association between perineural invasion and clinical and histopathological features of cervical cancer

The Chemokine (CCL2–CCR2) Signaling Axis Mediates Perineural Invasion

Cancer and orofacial pain

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