Perinatal mortality in pigs

Svendsen, J.

doi:10.1016/0378-4320(92)90092-r

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Since most piglets crushed by the sow are killed at feeding times (Svendsen, Svendsen and Bengtsson, 1986), sows given food ad libitum might be expected to crush fewer piglets than sows given food at a restricted level, in accordance with the results of English (1970). The present results however show the opposite, as more piglets were crushed by sows given food ad libitum than by sows given food restrictedly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

A two-diet system andad libitumlactation feeding of the sow. 2. Litter size and piglet performance

Neil

Ogle

1996

Anim. Sci.

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Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1357729800014661How to cite this article: M. Neil and B. Ogle (1996). A two-diet system and ad libitum lactation feeding of the sow. 2. Litter size and piglet performance. AbstractSixty gilts were allotted to one of the following feeding regimes: CR, a conventional diet offered at a restricted level according to Swedish feeding standards; SA, a simplified gestation diet (mainly oats and barley) offered at a restricted level and a conventional diet offered ad libitum during lactation; CA, a conventional gestation diet offered at a restricted level and the same diet offered ad libitum during lactation. The sows were followed for four parities. Piglet birth weight was unaffected by sow feeding, but differences in piglet live weight were found from 3 weeks of age to the end of the experiment when the piglets were 9 weeks old. CA piglets were heavier than SA piglets at 3 and 9 weeks of age and heavier than both CR and SA piglets at weaning (35 ± 3 days). Litter size was unaffected by treatment as was piglet mortality, whereas the cause of death varied with treatment. Mortality due to trauma was higher among CA piglets than among others, while mortality due to weakness was higher among SA piglets than others and there was also a tendency for higher mortality due to diarrhoea among CR piglets. It was concluded that the CA feeding regime was superior with regards to piglet performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

A two-diet system andad libitumlactation feeding of the sow. 2. Litter size and piglet performance

Neil

Ogle

1996

Anim. Sci.

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“…At farrowing, two classes of piglets born dead are commonly defined: pre partum deaths, corresponding to mummified piglets and piglets dying before onset of partum (macerated piglets), and intra-partum deaths associated with intrauterine hypoxia and dystocia (Svendsen et al, 1986). These intra-partum deaths will be referred to as 'stillbirth' hereafter, in accordance with Christianson (1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of genetic trends from 1977 to 1998 for farrowing characteristics in the French Large White breed using frozen semen

Canario

Rydhmer

Gogué³

et al. 2007

Animal

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The objective of the study was to estimate genetic trends from 1977 to 1998 in the French Large White (LW) breed for stillbirth and associated traits measured at farrowing using frozen semen. Two groups of pigs (G77 and G98) were obtained by inseminating LW sows with semen from LW boars born either in 1977 or in 1998. A second generation was produced by inter se mating in each group. Farrowing was thoroughly supervised through both direct observations and video recording all long farrowing on a total of 137 first-and second-parity litters produced by sows from this second generation (68 G77 and 69 G98 litters, respectively). Measurements included birth time, weight and birth characteristics (including orientation, presence of cyanosis or oedema, membrane obstruction, umbilical cord length/content) of each piglet, as well as sow traits (weight and backfat thickness, farrowing duration, litter size and within-litter variation of weights at birth). The data were analysed using linear or generalised linear mixed models, according to the definition of the trait (continuous or binary data). The importance of several effects to piglet probability of stillbirth was then quantified by computing the reduction of variance associated with the addition of each effect in the model. Litter size did not significantly differ in first parity, but was higher in G98 second-parity sows: the differences for global (including pre partum dead piglets) and total numbers of piglets born per litter were 12.3 6 1.1 and 11.3 6 0.6, respectively. G98 sows also had a higher number of stillbirths in both parities (10.7 6 0.3 stillborn per litter). Piglets from G98 litters were heavier at birth (1130 6 40 g for birth weight adjusted for litter size), without any increase in within-litter heterogeneity of birth weight. No significant difference was detected between G77 and G88 groups for farrowing length and the distribution of time interval between piglet births. G98 stillborn piglets had longer and more often empty umbilical cords at birth. G98 piglets born alive also had more often umbilical nodes than G77 piglets. These characteristics were considered as indicators of increased farrowing difficulties and risk of hypoxia at birth in G98 pigs. Time of birth of each piglet, sow fatness at farrowing and time of first placenta expulsion were the main factors of variation of the piglet's probability of stillbirth.

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“…Herpin et al (1996) observed an increasing glucose concentration (P < 0.01) with blood PCO 2 in piglets with a low vitality score compared to the higher scored ones; similarly, the results from this study indicate that piglets that failed the vitality scale test showed higher than normal glucose concentrations compared to those piglets that passed. Higher blood glucose concentrations were reported in stillborn and weak born piglets (Svendsen et al, 1986) and highly asphyxiated piglets (Herpin et al, 1996), whereas in newborn pigs with low birth weight the utilization of glucose as an energy source is more intensive (Kabalin et al, 2008). The larger difference in blood glucose concentration in the failed score group is most probably due to the effects of catecholamines and stimulation of liver glycogenolysis (Herpin et al, 1996), caused by the stress of neonates during birth, indicating adaptation problems to extra-uterine life (Tuchscherer et al, 2000).…”

Section: Vitality: Acid-base Imbalance and Electrolyte Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine neonates failing vitality score: physio-metabolic profile and latency to the first teat contact

Ortega¹,

Mota-Rojas²,

Juárez³

et al. 2011

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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Clinical studies by Mota-Rojas et al. (2007) carried out on commercial pig farms showed that out of 1000 newly born piglets between 150 and 200 animals experienced apnoea after birth and it was related to perinatal asphyxia longer than 30 s, affecting the vitality in a negative way and delaying the latency of connecting to the dam's teat, which represents an economic impact for the producer. In another study where 11 324 farrowings were analysed from 5000 breeding Mexican pig farms, MotaRojas and Ramírez (1996) ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to compare the metabolic and electrolytic profile as well as the morphological appearance of the umbilical cord and newly born piglets' weight that failed the vitality test scale compared to those who passed. Newborn piglets were divided into three groups according to the vitality with a modified Apgar score at birth: Group 1, failing with a score < 5 (G 1 : n = 218), Group 2 had a score of 6 to 7 (G 2 : n = 439) and Group 3 had scores > 8 (G 3 : n = 464). Results showed significant differences among groups (P < 0.05) in the physio-metabolic pH, PCO 2 , PO 2 , Na + , Ca 2+ , glucose, lactate and bicarbonate values. Regarding weight, temperature and latency to connect the maternal teat, there were also significant differences (P < 0.05) among groups; it took 23.38 min for G 3 while neonatal piglets from G 1 took 30 min longer (P < 0.05) to make the first teat contact. The neonates from the latter group had a higher percentage (75.68%) of broken umbilical cords, with higher birth weight (+200 g, P < 0.05), showed higher than normal blood glucose concentrations, and had lower body temperature at birth (-0.7°C, P < 0.05) and PO 2 in comparison with the other groups of neonates that passed the vitality score. A novel point of this study is the profile characterization of piglets that failed and passed the vitality score; we expect that the data provided may be applicable as reference values of metabolic and electrolyte blood profiles in newborn piglets according to their vitality. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that low vitality newborn piglets had clearly undergone through perinatal asphyxia. Potential indicators increasing this condition are: high birth weight, low body temperature, vitality score ≤ 5, and the presence of the broken umbilical cord at birth.

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Perinatal mortality in pigs

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

A two-diet system andad libitumlactation feeding of the sow. 2. Litter size and piglet performance

A two-diet system andad libitumlactation feeding of the sow. 2. Litter size and piglet performance

Estimation of genetic trends from 1977 to 1998 for farrowing characteristics in the French Large White breed using frozen semen

Porcine neonates failing vitality score: physio-metabolic profile and latency to the first teat contact

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