Peridial Morphology and Evolution in the Prototunicate Ascomycetes

Currah, R. S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9290-4_25

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Pectinotrichum Ilanense was also included in the clade of Onygenaceae 2, as in the results of the previous SSU rDNA sequences analysis (Sugiyama et al, 1999), although it was transferred to Auxarthron by Currah (1994). Figure 2 shows the phylogenetic tree constructed with 13 selected taxa to focus on the phylogenetic relationships among Spiromastix species and related taxa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phylogenetic analysis of the non-pathogenic genus Spiromastix (Onygenaceae) and related onygenalean taxa based on large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences

Sugiyama

Matsukawa

2001

Mycoscience

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The phylogenetic positioning of the non-pathogenic genus Spiromastix in the Onygenales was studied based on large subunit rDNA (LSU rDNA) partial sequences (ca. 570 bp.). Four Spiromastix species and 28 representative taxa of the Onygenales were newly sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by the neighbor-joining (N J) method and evaluated by the maximum parsimony (MP) method with the data of 13 taxa retrieved from DNA databases.Spiromastix and dimorphic systemic pathogens, Ajellomyces and Paracoccidioides, appear to be a monophyletic group with 74% bootstrap probability (BP) in the NJ tree constructed with the representative taxa of the Onygenales. The tree topology was concordant with the NJ tree based on SSU rDNA sequences of our previous work and corresponded to the classification system of the Onygenales by Currah (1985) and its minor modification by Udagawa (1997) with the exception of the classification of the Onygenaceae. The Onygeneceae sensu Udagawa may still be polyphyletic, since three independent lineages were recognized. The taxa forming helicoid peridial appendages were localized to two clades on the tree. The topology of the NJ tree constructed with Spiromastix and its close relatives suggested that the helicoid peridial appendages were apomorphic and acquired independently in the two clades of the Onygenales.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phylogenetic analysis of the non-pathogenic genus Spiromastix (Onygenaceae) and related onygenalean taxa based on large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences

Sugiyama

Matsukawa

2001

Mycoscience

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“…Later, Currah (1994) suggested that the Myxotrichaceae may be phylogenetically unrelated to other members of the Onygenales, and this hypothesis has been supported by recent molecular studies that place members of the family in a separate lineage and closer to members of the Leotiales (inoperculate discomycetes) (Currah, 1994;Hambleton, 1998;Leclerc et al, 1994;Sugiyama et al, 1999 Booth) Arx, have striate ascospores but differ in ascomatal complexity. Pseudogymnoascus ascomata are discrete and composed of yellowish or reddish brown hyphae often with short echinulate thin-walled appendages.…”

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confidence: 94%

New species and records of saprophytic ascomycetes (Myxotrichaceae) from decaying logs in the boreal forest

2000

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Decayed wood from fallen white spruce (Picea glauca) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) collected in northeastern Alberta, Canada, was the source of new isolates of species in the ascomycete genera Gymnostellatospora and Pseudogymnoascus. In addition to new reports of G. japonica, G. frigida and P. roseus, two new species are described. Gymnostellatospora canadensis sp. nov. resembles G.japonica but differs in producing brown ascomata and in the formation of an arthroconidial anamorph. Gymnostellatospora subnuda sp. nov. is distinct in lacking differentiated peridial hyphae. Gymnostellatospora alpina was not found in decayed wood but is reviewed based on extralimital material. A dichotomous key to the five species of Gymnostellatospora is provided.

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“…He also suggested the Gymnoascaceae is an assemblage lacking the characteristics of the other families (Currah, 1985(Currah, , 1994, and this family is possibly polyphyletic. If one were to accept his opinions, some species in this family would be transferred to the Eurotiales.…”

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confidence: 96%

“…Based on new information about the order, reconsideration of Currah's system has been attempted. Currah (1994Currah ( , 1995 himself pointed out that the Myxotrichaceae is dissimilar to other onygenalean families because of their affinity to plant debris and cellulolytic characters. Some species of the family are also known to form mycorrhizas with ericaceous host plants (Dalp~, 1989).…”

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confidence: 98%

Molecular phylogeny of onygenalean fungi based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences

1999

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Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide data from small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences (ca. 1685 bp.) was performed on 19 taxa of the Onygenales and three related mitosporic fungi. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by the neighbor-joining method with the sequence data of related taxa obtained from DNA databases. The species in the Onygenales form two clusters and seven subclusters, and the tree topology reflects the traditional classification by Currah (1985) with some exceptions. The Myxotrichaceae is placed in the different lineage, separate from other plectomycetous taxa and among the Leotiales and the Erysiphales. Furthermore, two separate lineages in the Myxotrichaceae were found. Tree topology suggested the Onygenaceae is polyphyletic and composed of three subgroups; 1) most members of Onygenaceae, 2) Spiromastix warcupii, and 3) pathogenic dimorphic fungi classified in Ajellomyces. Key WordsOnygenales; phylogeny; small subunit rDNA.The Onygenales is an order of Ascomycota that produces gymnothecial or cleistothecial ascomata. In "Dictionary of the Fungi" (Hawksworth et al., 1995), 90 species of 36 genera are included in the order. The diagnostic characteristics of the family are as follows: 1 ) peridia are various in morphology, such as undifferentiated hyphae surrounding asci loosely or tightly, peridia with meshlike, disarticulating wall, and membranous wall or cleistothecia formed in stipitate stroma; 2) asci are spherical, thin-walled, deliquescent, and formed freely on the mycelium or within peridia; 3) ascospores are small, single-celled and hyaline or pale in color with various surface ornamentations; 4) anamorph is aleurio-or arthroconidia that seceding rhexolytically; 5) several taxa degrade keratin and are associated with animals or their products including dung, feathers and bones. In classifying of the Onygenales, ascoma structure was traditionally emphasized to circumscribe the taxa (Benjamin, 1956;Kuehn, 1958Kuehn, , 1959Apinis, 1964;Benny and Kimbrough, 1980). Currah (1985) revised this order based on a large number of collections and pointed out that the resemblance of peridial structure does not reflect the phylogenetic lineage because many of them might result from convergent evolution. He introduced physiological characteristics in addition to morphological differences of ascospore and conidia for the higher classification in the Onygenales, and established four families in this order, viz., Arthrodermataceae, Gymnoascaceae, Myxotrichaceae, and Onygenaceae. His system has been widely accepted among mycologists, though von Arx (1987) proposed another system based mainly on the morphology of ascospores. Yon Arx placed the onygenalean taxa into the Eurotiales, dividing the order among four families, i.e., the Amauroascaceae, Eurotiaceae, Gymnoascaceae and Onygenaceae.After Currah's monograph, new taxa or new combinations have been proposed, and physiological, ecological and molecular data related to the order have been accumulated. Based on new information about the order, reconsi...

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Peridial Morphology and Evolution in the Prototunicate Ascomycetes

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Phylogenetic analysis of the non-pathogenic genus Spiromastix (Onygenaceae) and related onygenalean taxa based on large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences

Phylogenetic analysis of the non-pathogenic genus Spiromastix (Onygenaceae) and related onygenalean taxa based on large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences

New species and records of saprophytic ascomycetes (Myxotrichaceae) from decaying logs in the boreal forest

Molecular phylogeny of onygenalean fungi based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences

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