Phylogenetic analysis of the non-pathogenic genus Spiromastix (Onygenaceae) and related onygenalean taxa based on large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences

Abstract

The phylogenetic positioning of the non-pathogenic genus Spiromastix in the Onygenales was studied based on large subunit rDNA (LSU rDNA) partial sequences (ca. 570 bp.). Four Spiromastix species and 28 representative taxa of the Onygenales were newly sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by the neighbor-joining (N J) method and evaluated by the maximum parsimony (MP) method with the data of 13 taxa retrieved from DNA databases.Spiromastix and dimorphic systemic pathogens, Ajellomyces and Paracoccidioides, appear to be a monophyletic group with 74% bootstrap probability (BP) in the NJ tree constructed with the representative taxa of the Onygenales. The tree topology was concordant with the NJ tree based on SSU rDNA sequences of our previous work and corresponded to the classification system of the Onygenales by Currah (1985) and its minor modification by Udagawa (1997) with the exception of the classification of the Onygenaceae. The Onygeneceae sensu Udagawa may still be polyphyletic, since three independent lineages were recognized. The taxa forming helicoid peridial appendages were localized to two clades on the tree. The topology of the NJ tree constructed with Spiromastix and its close relatives suggested that the helicoid peridial appendages were apomorphic and acquired independently in the two clades of the Onygenales.

A comparative study of Neogymnomyces virgineus, a new keratinolytic species from dung, and its relationships with the Onygenales

“…During the latest 15 years several molecular phylogenetic analyses have been carried out on single genera (Makimura et al 1998(Makimura et al , 1999Gräser et al 2000) of Onygenales or on the whole of this order (Bowman et al 1996;Landvik et al 1996;Sugiyama et al 1999;Vidal et al 2000;Sugiyama and Mikawa 2001). Some of these studies (Sugiyama et al 1999;Vidal et al 2000) showed that Myxotrichaceae Locq.…”

“…The Gymnoascaceae, defined as a monophyletic group by cladistic analyses (Sugiyama et al 1999(Sugiyama et al , 2002Sugiyama and Mikawa 2001;Untereiner et al 2004), are characterised by smooth or appendiculate ascomata with a gymnothecial peridium of loosely intertwoven hyphae, oblate and usually smooth ascospores, sometimes with equatorial grooves and ridges and/or polar thickenings, simple arthroconidial anamorphs or absence of an imperfect state (Currah 1985;Cannon and Kirk 2007;Kirk et al 2008). Members of this family have a scarcely recognised, or sometimes unknown, substrate preference (Lumley and Currah 1995).…”

“…They have no keratinolytic capability, but are vertebrate-associated, behaving as saprobionts or often as dimorphic pathogens. They represent a well supported lineage in phylogenetic analyses (Sugiyama et al 1999(Sugiyama et al , 2002Herr et al 2001;Sugiyama and Mikawa 2001;Untereiner et al 2004). The Arthrodermataceae, another lineage well supported by molecular studies (Sugiyama et al 2002;, have hyphal and appendiculate or rarely cleistothecial ascomata, small, smooth, and oblate-discoid ascospores (Currah 1985), Chrysosporium Corda, Epidermophyton Sabour., Microsporum Gruby and Trichophyton Malmsten anamorphs, often with multiseptate macroconidia, and an ability to degrade keratin.…”

“…Some of these studies (Sugiyama et al 1999;Vidal et al 2000) showed that Myxotrichaceae Locq. ex Currah must be excluded from Onygenales, others (Sugiyama and Mikawa 2001;Sugiyama et al 2002;Untereiner et al 2004) subdivided the order into four families, Ajellomycetaceae Unter. et al, Currah's (1985) systematics, based on ascospore ornamentation, type of anamorph, and keratinolytic ability.…”

Reporte Clinico: Histoplasmosis Diseminada Aloctona en Un Paciente Con Sindrome De Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida

“…La última familia se ha excluido en la actualidad del Orden, por reconocerse más cercana a las Leotiales (Ascomycota) (Sugiyama et al1999), pero el concepto de Onygenales se ha mantenido por los estudios ecológicos, morfológicos y moleculares en 2 de las familias. Sin embargo, la estructura filogenética de las Onygenaceae es polifilética según estudios recientes (Sugiyama & Mikawa., 2001;Untereiner, et al, 2002), e incluye anamorfos de los géneros Blastomyces, Emmonsia, Histoplasma, Chrysosporium, Malbranchea y Paracoccidioides (los 3 primeros con teleomorfos en Ajellomyces). Posteriormente, Untereiner et al, 2004, con nuevos estudios moleculares, separaron una clade distinta dentro de las Onygenaceae, en especial la que incluye los patógenos dimórficos (Ajellomyces, Emmonsia y Paracoccidioides) y propusieron la nueva familia Ajellomycetaceae, cuyos miembros son saprófitos y patogénicos para los vertebrados y poseen ascomata globosos y apéndices espiralados, ascosporas globosas u obladas, ausencia de actividad queratinolítica, con anamorfos con conidios solitarios equinulados a tuberculados (H. capsulatum) o en artroconidios irregularmente alternados.…”