Periapical lesions decrease Akt serine phosphorylation and plasma membrane GLUT4 content in rat skeletal muscle

Abstract

The present study indicates that preventing endodontic disease can thwart insulin resistance.

Periapical Lesions Increase Macrophage Infiltration and Inflammatory Signaling in Muscle Tissue of Rats

“…It was observed that PL1 and PL4 groups showed insulin resistance as demonstrated by the HOMA-IR index. These data are in agreement with previous studies that showed that rats with PL exhibit insulin resistance assessed both by HOMA-IR index and by insulin tolerance test after 30 days of exposure to PL (2)(3)(4). Studies have shown that macrophage contents in skeletal muscle of obese animals and humans are correlated with impairment in insulin sensitivity (12,23).…”

“…Our previous studies have shown that PL in rats causes insulin resistance and impairs insulin signal transduction in muscle tissue (3,4). However, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood.…”

“…C linical and experimental studies have shown an association between periapical lesions (PLs) and systemic disolrders such as diabetes and insulin resistance (1)(2)(3)(4). Insulin resistance occurs when normal or elevated levels of insulin cause a decreased biological response (5).…”

Effects of melatonin on insulin signaling and inflammatory pathways of rats with apical periodontitis

“…Oral inflammation has been associated with systemic alterations, such as osteoporosis (Dodd & Rowe 2013), cardiovascular disease (Caplan et al 2006), respiratory disease (Paju & Scannapieco 2007), dyslipidemia (Cintra et al 2013) and insulin resistance (Astolphi et al 2013, Pereira et al 2017, which is related to type II diabetes mellitus (DM2). In this context, studies have found that rats with apical periodontitis (AP) had increased plasma concentration of tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) (Astolphi et al 2013), inflammatory pathway activation (Pereira et al 2017) and decreased insulin signal transduction in skeletal muscle (Astolphi et al 2015, Pereira et al 2016.…”

Endodontic infections increase leukocyte and lymphocyte levels in the blood

“…However, when periodontal disease was concomitant with AP, significant alterations in blood and organs were observed [13,14]. To date, there are few evidences that endodontic infection alone can lead to alterations [15,16]. Thus, it is possible that the presence of more than one tooth with AP may lead to a significant alteration in inflammatory cells and mediators, as observed previously, when proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide were evaluated [17].…”