Peri-implant clinical and radiographic status and whole salivary cotinine levels among cigarette and waterpipe smokers and never-smokers

Background Studies assessing and comparing clinical and radiographic peri‐implant status around narrow diameter implant‐supported single crowns (NDISCs) and splinted crowns (NDISPs) are scarce. Objective The aim of this retrospective study was to estimate and compare complication rates, patient satisfaction, peri‐implant status and peri‐implant bone loss (PBL) of NDISCs and NDISPs. Materials and Methods Patients receiving narrow diameter implants (NDIs) in the posterior mandible were assessed. Technical complication and patient satisfaction were recorded. Clinical peri‐implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD) and PBL were assessed. Technical complications and patient satisfaction were recorded. Log‐rank test was computed to evaluate the influence of prostheses type and NDIs location on technical complications. P‐value less than 0.05 was regarded as significant. Results Seventy‐eight patients (43 male and 35 females) agreed to follow up. The mean follow‐up duration of the patients was 3.6 years. A total of 102 (43 NDISCs and 59 NDISPs) NDIs with moderately rough surfaces were included. No significant differences in PI, BoP, or PD were observed between NDISCs and NDISPs. The average PBL score was 1.17 (range: 0.03‐4.15) at implant level and 1.14 (range: 0.03‐4.14) at patient level. Seven implants and three patients showed peri‐implantitis. The rates of technical complication of single crowns were significantly higher than those of splinted crowns (P = 0.036). PBL was significantly higher in molar sites than those in premolar sites (P = 0.041). A total of 67 patients (85.9%) were satisfied with the esthetics of the crowns, while a total of 59 patients (75.6%) were satisfied with the function of the crowns. Conclusion NDISCs and NDISPs offer high patient satisfaction and tolerable complication rates. Peri‐implant conditions and peri‐implant bone levels were comparable around NDISCs and NDISPs. However, bone loss of implants was higher in molar sites than those implants in premolar sites.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Clinical and radiographic peri‐implant health status around narrow diameter implant‐supported single and splinted crowns

Al‐Aali

ArRejaie

Alrahlah

et al. 2019

“…It is pertinent to mention that increased tobacco smoking increases the serum levels of cotinine and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors (RAGEs), which in turn augment the levels of destructive proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) . Higher levels of these biomarkers in the oral fluids is associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal and periimplant diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal assessment of clinical and radiographic periimplant status around narrow and regular diameter implants placed in cigarette‐smokers and nonsmokers

Alasqah

AlFawaz

Aldahiyan

et al. 2019

Background To date, no clinical investigation has assessed the clinical and radiographic indices around narrow diameter implants (NDIs) and regular diameter implants (RDIs) in individuals with cigarette smoking habit and nonsmokers. Objective To estimate and compare the clinical and radiographic indices around NDIs (< 3.3 mm) and RDIs placed in cigarette smokers (CS) and nonsmokers (NS). Materials and Methods Eighty‐six patients requiring implant surgery in the anterior mandible were divided into two groups (39 CS and 43 NS). Patients were further categorized into two subgroups on the basis of implant diameter: (a) patients with NDIs (3.3 mm) and (b) patients with RDIs (4.1 mm). Clinical indices evaluating plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were recorded at 18 and 36 months of follow‐up. Digital periapical radiographs were studied to evaluate crestal bone levels (CBL) incorporating in a specialized software and examined on a calibrated computer display screen with the help of an image analyzer. Results The mean age of patients in CS group and NS group was 44.6 and 42.5 years, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall mean scores of PI, PD, and CBL around NDIs and RDIs among CS and NS patients at 18 and 36 months of follow‐up. However, there was a statistically significant difference only in the overall mean BOP around NDIs and RDIs among CS and NS patients at 18 and 36 months of follow‐up. Conclusion The findings of the current study suggests that NDIs can show reliable clinical stability and radiographic bone levels as RDIs placed in CS and NS, with the support of strict oral hygiene protocols.

“…[11][12][13] During waterpipe smoking, charcoal-heated air passes through flavored tobacco and bubbles through water before inhalation. [11][12][13] During waterpipe smoking, charcoal-heated air passes through flavored tobacco and bubbles through water before inhalation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13] During waterpipe smoking, charcoal-heated air passes through flavored tobacco and bubbles through water before inhalation. Studies 12,13 have shown that periimplant probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and CBL are significantly high in waterpipe smokers compared with nonsmokers. The electric current heats up the e-liquid that converts into a vapor that is inhaled in a manner like conventional tobacco smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among cigarette and waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers

Alqahtani

Albaqawi‬

et al. 2019

Background: Assessment of cotinine levels in the peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) may serve as a valuable biomarker of peri-implant diseases in nicotine-product users.Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare cotinine levels in the PISF among cigarette smokers, waterpipe users, electronic-cigarette users, and nonsmokers.Materials and Methods: Cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, electronic-cigarette users, and nonsmokers were included. A questionnaire was used to collect information about age, gender, duration of smoking and vaping, family history of smoking, duration of smoking/vaping, and daily frequency of smoking/vaping. Implant-related data including implant dimensions and duration of implants in function were also recorded. In all groups, peri-implant probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), and plaque index (PI) were assessed. Using standard techniques, PISF was collected and levels of cotinine in the PISF were measured. Sample-size estimation was performed, and statistical comparisons were done using one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc adjustment tests. P values below .05 were categorized as statistically significant.Results: One hundred two male individuals (35 cigarette smokers, 33 waterpipe smokers, 34 electronic-cigarette users, and 35 nonsmokers) were included. Scores of peri-implant PI (P < .05) and PD (P < .05) were significantly higher among cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, and electronic-cigarette users compared with nonsmokers.Peri-implant BoP was more often manifested in nonsmokers compared with cigarette smokers (P < .05), waterpipe smokers (P < .05), and electronic-cigarette users (P < .05).The volume of collected PISF was significantly higher among cigarette (P < .05) and