Performing movement sequences with knowledge of results under different visual conditions in adults with Down syndrome

Virji‐Babul, Naznin; Lloyd, Jennifer E. V.; Gyn, Geraldine Van

doi:10.3104/reports.137

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…It may be the case that individuals with DS are unable to discriminate between gross motor movements as well discriminate differences of movement velocities, or attribute functionality to particular movements [29,35]. In addition it may be that an important attribute of motor dysfunction in DS individuals pertains to the inability to quickly combine visual and motor inputs [30,55]. Our results build on these previous findings, as we show that the discrimination of biological motion portraying the same actions produced at different speeds is also impaired in Down syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this, evidence exists to suggest that children with DS exhibit deficiencies in coupling visual information to motor output [29]. Research by Virji-Babul et al [30] suggests that individuals with DS demonstrate impairments when combining visual and motor information. For example, when stepping over an object child with DS exhibited reduced step length variability compared to typically developed controls and tended to stop in front of objects before stepping over them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perception of Biological Motion Speed in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Tolentino-Castro¹,

Riddell²,

Wagner³

2017

J Down Syndr Chr Abnorm

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IntroductionAction and perception are two inherently linked aspects of human behavior that allow us to understand and interact with our surroundings. The interplay between action production and perception enables humans to act in a number of highly demanding situation such as unusual, novel or unstable environments [1]. Babies interact with their environment in a myriad of different ways such as imitation, selfmotion and observing the examples of others [2][3][4]. These interactions serve to shape not only their knowledge about the world, but also their understanding of the functionality of their bodies.Action performance interacts with action perception, and viceversa. This is reflected in the brain, as both performing and perceiving actions activate similar cortical areas [5]. Previous research has revealed significant interactions between action perception and action execution, and studies have shown that action perception can interfere with action execution reciprocally [6][7][8]. It is particularly insightful to study such interactions in populations with abnormal skeleto-muscular and/or neural development, as in these populations the brain may have adapted differently to handle physical differences, which in turn may influence how affected individuals interact with their surroundings. For example Sinha et al. [9] have shown that individuals with autism spectrum disorder, adapt their sensory input atypically, resulting in diverse behavioral traits. Down Syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic disorders (14 per 10 000 live births) caused by the presence of a complete or partial third copy of chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21) [10]. DS is a genetic change that impacts not only intellectual ability, but also motor development and motor control over the lifetime [11,12]. Abnormal brain functioning related to learning has been reveled in a number of studies [13][14][15][16]. In addition to neurodevelopmental abnormalities, corporal abnormalities are also common in DS. These abnormalities are highly related to the impaired motor control of voluntary movements [11,17].Children with DS require more time to learn basic movements. Additionally, as movement complexity increases they achieve gross motor functions at an average age that is almost twice that of typically developed children [18]. However, despite delays in motor development and the control of voluntary movements, the DS population does not exhibit a complete absence of the production of gross motor skills. For instance, individuals with DS are often capable of walking and jumping, as well as fine motor skills and manual dexterity. Examples of functional motor development can be seen when special teaching strategies are implemented [19][20][21][22][23][24]. This demonstrates that individuals with DS are at least somewhat able to adapt to their motor impairments. In more realistic tasks, Latash [11,17] argue that, when confronted with an unexpected or unclear motion situation, individuals with DS choose to act slowly (bradykinesia) during the initiation ph...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Biological Motion Speed in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Tolentino-Castro¹,

Riddell²,

Wagner³

2017

J Down Syndr Chr Abnorm

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“…Alongside structural/anatomical differences it has also been reported that people with DS perform poorly in most areas of motor functioning, for example finger-pressing (Latash, Kang, and Patterson, 2002), reaction timing (Virji-Babul, Lloyd, and Van Gyn, 2003), and in oral functions such as chewing and swallowing (Frith and Frith, 1974;Spender et al, 1995;Spano, Mercuri, Rando, Panto, Gagliano, Henderson, and Guzzetta, 1999) and particularly motor control in speech production (Kumin, 1994). Recent research (Barnes, Roberts, Mirrett, Sideris, and Misenheimer, 2006) provided detailed information on oral-motor development in DS, finding that boys with DS showed significantly lower levels of lip, tongue, velopharynx, larynx, and coordinated speech function than typically developing boys and lower levels of coordinated speech movements when compared with children with Fragile X, another condition which involves intellectual disability.…”

Section: Structural and Motoric Differences In Down's Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

A perceptual and electropalatographic study of /∫/ in young people with Down's syndrome

Timmins

Cleland

Wood

et al. 2009

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics

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Speech production in young people with Down's syndrome has been found to be variable and inconsistent. Errors tend to be more in the production of sounds that typically develop later, for example, fricatives and affricates, rather than stops and nasals. It has been suggested that inconsistency in production is a result of a motor speech deficit. Late acquired fricatives such as /s/ and /integral/ are complex articulations, which may require more precise motor programming and may therefore show highly inconsistent productions. Other factors potentially affecting speech production in this population are abnormal palatal structure, hearing loss, and hypotonia. A group of 20 young people with Down's syndrome were recorded using Electropalatography (EPG), reading a wordlist containing the phrase 'a sheep'. The wordlist contained seven other phrases and was repeated 10 times. Eight typically developing, cognitively matched children and eight adults were also recorded producing the same data set. Articulatory (EPG pattern analysis) and perceptual analyses of the 10 productions of /integral/ were carried out. /integral/ production was found to be inconsistent in the young people with Down's syndrome, with more errors both in the auditory analysis and articulatory analysis than in the typical sample, which may be due to a motor programming or motor control problem. There were a greater number of errors in the EPG analysis than in the perceptual analysis. This suggests that some young people with DS were able to produce perceptually acceptable /integral/ with atypical EPG patterns. The use of typical, adult-modelled /integral/ EPG patterns in therapy may be inappropriate for some children with DS who present with atypical palatal structures.

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Mielopatía avanzada en personas con síndrome de Down

Finney

Kryzanski

2017

Revista Médica Internacional sobre el Síndrome de Down

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Performing movement sequences with knowledge of results under different visual conditions in adults with Down syndrome

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Perception of Biological Motion Speed in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Perception of Biological Motion Speed in Individuals with Down Syndrome

A perceptual and electropalatographic study of /∫/ in young people with Down's syndrome

Mielopatía avanzada en personas con síndrome de Down

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