Performance of the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) in China: Achievements and Challenges as Seen by the Chinese

Heggelund, Gørild; Andresen, Steinar; Sun, Yunpeng

doi:10.1007/s10784-005-3808-5

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…We hypothesize that developing country governments may have reacted to the financial opportunity provided by the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), see von Stein (2008), and to RE-related capacity building under development and environmental finance initiatives (Heggelund et al, 2005). While reacting to the CDM would imply a form of incentive-based policy diffusion mechanism such as the one observed by Welch and Thompson (1980) or Daley and Garand (2005), the effects of capacity building would rather resemble learning.…”

Section: External Determinants Of Policy Adoption In Developing Countmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate policy innovation in the South – Domestic and international determinants of renewable energy policies in developing and emerging countries

Stadelmann

Castro

2014

Global Environmental Change

126

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This article attempts to disentangle the determinants of the adoption of renewable energy support policies in developing and emerging countries. By analyzing policies already implemented in industrialized countries, we focus on the diffusion but not the invention of climate-relevant policies. We look at four different types of policies (renewable energy targets, feed-in tariffs, other financial incentives and framework policies) and consider both domestic factors and international diffusion mechanisms utilizing a discrete-time events history model with a logit link on a self-compiled dataset of grid-based electricity policy adoption in 112 developing and emerging countries from 1998 to 2009. In general, we find stronger support for the domestic determinants of policy adoption, but also substantial influence of international factors. Countries with a larger population and more wealth have a higher probability of adopting renewable energy policies. Only in some specific cases do natural endowments for producing renewable energy encourage governments to adopt policies, and hydro power resources even correlate negatively with the adoption of targets. Among the international determinants, emulation from colonial peers and membership within the EU seem to facilitate policy adoption. International climate finance is less relevant, as the Global Environmental Facility and the Clean Development Mechanism may only increase the adoption of frameworks and targets, but they have no influence on tariffs and incentives. AbstractThis article attempts to disentangle the determinants of the adoption of renewable energy support policies in developing and emerging countries. By analyzing policies already implemented in industrialized countries, we focus on the diffusion but not the invention of climate-relevant policies. We look at four different types of policies (renewable energy targets, feed-in tariffs, other financial incentives and framework policies) and consider both domestic factors and international diffusion mechanisms utilizing a discrete-time events history model with a logit link on a self-compiled dataset of grid-based electricity policy adoption in 112 developing and emerging countries from 1998 to 2009. In general, we find stronger support for the domestic determinants of policy adoption, but also substantial influence of international factors. Countries with a larger population and more wealth have a higher probability of adopting renewable energy policies. Only in some specific cases do natural endowments for producing renewable energy encourage governments to adopt policies, and hydro power resources even correlate negatively with the adoption of targets. Among the international determinants, emulation from colonial peers and membership within the EU seem to facilitate policy adoption. International climate finance is less relevant, as the Global Environmental Facility and the Clean Development Mechanism may only increase the adoption of frameworks and targets, but they have no influence on tariffs an...

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Section: External Determinants Of Policy Adoption In Developing Countmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate policy innovation in the South – Domestic and international determinants of renewable energy policies in developing and emerging countries

Stadelmann

Castro

2014

Global Environmental Change

126

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“…80 In this case study, with these fiduciary and safeguard arrangements, the Bank sought to maintain the political, social and environmental integrity of its projects. At the same time, the Ningbo/Cixi government became better informed of the externalities that a developmental project may create and possible mitigation strategies, thus resulting in better local environmental governance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Some World Bank experts suggested that solving China's institutional challenges in environmental management is more critical than overcoming technical and economic challenges. 14 In terms of policy formulation and policy implementation, 15 as Abigail Jahiel documented, the sustainability of successful programmes were shortened by renewed economic reform initiatives in the 1990s. 16 Richard Sanders additionally emphasised that it was market liberalisation, rather than the handicapped state environmental organisations, that poses as an imminent threat to effective environmental protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 Katherine Morton highlights a four dimensional framework for analysing capacity: financial efficiency, institutional cohesion, technological advance and shared responsibility (participation of non-state actors) and that the involvement of the international actors have benefited all of these four aspects. 20 Scholars such as Katherine Morton 21 and Heggelund et al 22 have demonstrated that collaboration between Chinese and international partners with common interest in environmental management, has increased approval. Gørild Heggelund also emphasised that the international dimension has been crucial in raising environmental awareness in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of International Aid in the Chinese Context: A Case Study of the World Bank's Cixi Wetlands Project in Zhejiang Province

Tan‐Mullins

Guangli

2012

The China Quarterly

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“…52 The projects are expected to be sustainable after the financing ceases, which clearly will not always be the case for climate change mitigation projects. FORM OF REVIEW?…”

Section: The Global Environmental Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Realizing the Potential of the UNFCCC Technology Mechanism: Perspectives on the Way Forward

Mugabe¹,

Sampath²

2012

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Box 7:Article 1(d) of the Bali Action Plan It also adopted the modalities and rules of procedure of the TEC and the terms of references of the CTCN. The TEC which is akin to being the policy body of the TM is already in place, has met twice and adopted its work plan for 2012-2013. The CTCN, the operational arm of the TM, has not yet come into existence. The process for selecting a host for the Climate Technology Centre (CTC) which will steer the Network is well underway and should be finalized by the next COP meeting in Qatar, next December.Against this background, the think pieces in this issue paper seek to contribute to the process of operationalisation of the TM by providing some suggestions and inputs on the range of issues and challenges confronting it. They are premised on the belief that the TM represents a potentially important milestone and positive development in efforts to operationalise UNFCCC technology transfer provisions in a more effective manner. Its mandate emphasizes a number of important priorities such as the strengthening of national innovations systems, the elaboration of technology actions plans, the strengthening of R&D collaboration and the promotion of publicprivate partnerships which bring new dynamism to international cooperation in this area.At the same time, the mandate and functions of the TM, and of its bodies, are, in many instances, worded in a general manner and leave significant latitude in terms of their implementation. The inputs of all stakeholders, particularly from developing countries, could be valuable in helping these newly or soon to be established entities work out the manner in which they should carry out their respective responsibilities. In its first two meetings, the TEC has reached out to a number of stakeholders for this purpose. This issue paper seeks to complement such efforts.The first think piece by Padmashree Gehl Sampath reflects on how the TM can "keep its promise" and deliver a novel approach focused on technology development and innovation rather than simply transfer and "access." The author argues that the TM is uniquely positioned to support developing countries building their capacity to develop and deploy climate change technologies. She highlights some key considerations with regards to putting the TM into practice such as: ensuring coordination between the TM's two bodies, identifying technological needs, putting priority areas into practice, addressing the need for effective monitoring and evaluation, promoting a participatory approach, apportioning financial priorities, and coordinating with existing initiatives.The author concludes that an approach towards technology development, as proposed by the TM, could be an important step not only within climate change, but also in broader international discussions on technology, to move beyond simply window dressing the notion of technology transfer, to effective technology diffusion and technology assimilation. The second think piece by John Mugabe brings an African perspective on the TM. The author...

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Performance of the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) in China: Achievements and Challenges as Seen by the Chinese

Abstract: achievements, challenges, China, Chinese perceptions, effectiveness, GEF, implementing agencies, UNDP, UNEP, World Bank,

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Climate policy innovation in the South – Domestic and international determinants of renewable energy policies in developing and emerging countries

Climate policy innovation in the South – Domestic and international determinants of renewable energy policies in developing and emerging countries

Dynamics of International Aid in the Chinese Context: A Case Study of the World Bank's Cixi Wetlands Project in Zhejiang Province

Realizing the Potential of the UNFCCC Technology Mechanism: Perspectives on the Way Forward

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