Performance of the Cockcroft-Gault and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Equations in Estimating GFR in Ill Hospitalized Patients

Poggio, Emilio D.; Nef, Patrick; Wang, Xuelei; Greene, Tom; Lente, Frederick Van; Dennis, Vincent W.; Hall, Phillip M.

doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.04.023

Cited by 191 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In previous studies on diabetic Pima Indians, up to 50% were found to develop nephropathy at 20 years of age 26. However, the incidence of diabetic ESRD was noted to have declined significantly to 15 cases per 1000 patients in 2002 27. In this study, only 12.7% of the patients showed proteinuria, but 31.8% developed nephropathy.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Factors affecting the progression of diabetic nephropathy and its complications: A single-center experience in Saudi Arabia

Al-Wakeel

Isnani

Alsuwaida

et al. 2011

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:One out of five Saudi diabetics develops end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Factors associated with progressive loss of renal function have not been extensively studied and reported in our community. We sought to evaluate the pattern and progression in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and investigate the potential risk factors associated with progression to diabetic nephropathy (DN) among Saudi patients.DESIGN AND SETTING:Hospital-based retrospective analysis of type 2 diabetic patients seen between January 1989 and January 2004 at Security Forces Hospital and King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.PATIENTS AND METHODS:DN was defined as persistent proteinuria assessed by urine dipstick [at least twice for at least two consecutive years and/or serum creatinine >130 μmol/L; and/or GFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2].RESULTS:Of 1952 files reviewed, 621 (31.8%) met the criteria for DN, and 294 (47%) were males. The mean (SD) age of the patients at baseline was 66.9 (11.4) years, and mean duration of diabetes was 15.4 (7.5) years. GFR deteriorated from a baseline value of 78.3 (30.3) mL/min/1.73m2 to 45.1 (24.1) mL/min/1.73m2 at the last visit, with a mean rate of decline in GFR of 3.3 mL/min/year. Progression of nephropathy was observed in 455 (73.3%) patients, with 250 (40.3%) patients doubling their first–hospital-visit serum creatinine level in a mean of 10.0 (6.0) years. At the end of the study, 16.5% of the cohort developed ESRD and were dialyzed. GFR >90 mL/min/1.73m2 at the first hospital visit; duration of diabetes >10 years; persistent proteinuria; systolic blood pressure >130 mm Hg; and presence of retinopathy were significant markers associated with progression of nephropathy.CONCLUSION:Diabetic nephropathy tends to be progressive among Saudis, with GFR deteriorating at a rate of 3.3 mL/year and with a doubling of serum creatinine level in 40.3% of patients in 9.9 years.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Factors affecting the progression of diabetic nephropathy and its complications: A single-center experience in Saudi Arabia

Al-Wakeel

Isnani

Alsuwaida

et al. 2011

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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“…These include: patients at extremes of age and body size; severely malnourished or obese patients; patients with skeletal muscle diseases, paraplegia, or quadriplegia, vegetarians, and those with rapidly changing kidney function as in acute kidney injury (19,22). The MDRD and C-G equations are inappropriate to estimate GFR in healthy individuals and have been shown to clearly underestimate GFR above approximately 60 mL·min -1 ·1.73 (m 2 ) -1 and to markedly overestimate GFR below approximately 20 mL·min -1 ·1.73 (m 2 ) -1 and in nephrotic range proteinuria (23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Equations Estimating Gfr Based On Creatininementioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring renal function: measured and estimated glomerular filtration rates - a review

Salgado

Neves

Bastos

et al. 2010

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…The more reliable MDRD equation, however, can only take into account the mean fall in muscle mass and creatinine associated with age (169). Inflammation, malnutrition and loss of muscle bulk (often associated with chronic diseases, such as heart failure and bronchopneumonia) can further accentuate the muscle metabolic abnormalities and influence the value of creatinine-based predictive equations (170)(171)(172).…”

Section: The Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystatin C: current position and future prospects

Séronie-Vivien

Delanaye

Piéroni³

et al. 2008

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

163

145

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Cystatin C is a low-molecular-weight protein which has been proposed as a marker of renal function that could replace creatinine. Indeed, the concentration of cystatin C is mainly determined by glomerular filtration and is particularly of interest in clinical settings where the relationship between creatinine production and muscle mass impairs the clinical performance of creatinine. Since the last decade, numerous studies have evaluated its potential use in measuring renal function in various populations. More recently, other potential developments for its clinical use have emerged. This review summarises current knowledge about the physiology of cystatin C and about its use as a renal marker, either alone or in equations developed to estimate the glomerular filtration rate. This paper also reviews recent data about the other applications of cystatin C, particularly in cardiology, oncology and clinical pharmacology. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008;46:1664-86.

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Performance of the Cockcroft-Gault and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Equations in Estimating GFR in Ill Hospitalized Patients

Cited by 191 publications

References 29 publications

Factors affecting the progression of diabetic nephropathy and its complications: A single-center experience in Saudi Arabia

Factors affecting the progression of diabetic nephropathy and its complications: A single-center experience in Saudi Arabia

Monitoring renal function: measured and estimated glomerular filtration rates - a review

Cystatin C: current position and future prospects

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