Performance of six culture media for isolation ofSalmonella species from stool samples

Ruiz, J.; Núñez, M. L.; Lorente, Irene; Pérez, J.; Simarro, E.; Gómez, Joaquín

doi:10.1007/bf01690509

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This contrasts with the findings obtained with some other formulations of chromogenic Salmonella-specific media such as Rambach agar (3,5,11), modified semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium (1,12), and novobiocin-brilliant-green-glycerol-lactose medium (3,11), all of which have previously been reported to be unable to detect serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A. This has important implications for both clinicians and microbiologists, given the significant morbidity and public health implications of these agents of enteric fever.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…by the incorporation of chromogenic substrates have been introduced (2,8,10). Compared to conventional selective media such as Hektoen enteric agar (HEA), chromogenic media had higher specificities but lower sensitivities, with more false-negative results (2,8,11,12). One particular formulation of chromogenic medium, Rambach agar, was highly specific for salmonellae but failed to detect S. enterica serovar Typhi (10).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As a result, many of these earlier media cannot be recommended for use for the primary plating of stool specimens to screen for Salmonella spp. (2,8,11,12). CHROMagar Salmonella (CAS) is a newer selective chromogenic medium and purports to detect salmonellae as mauve colonies at 18 to 24 h of incubation, with other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae appearing as blue or uncolored colonies (CHROMagar Salmonella Product Information; CHROmagar Microbiology, Paris, France).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of CHROMagar Salmonella Medium and Xylose-Lysine-Desoxycholate and Salmonella-Shigella Agars for Isolation of Salmonella Strains from Stool Samples

2002

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The growth and appearance of 115 stock Salmonella isolates on a new formulation of CHROMagar Salmonella (CAS) medium were compared to those on xylose-lysine-desoxycholate agar (XLD), Salmonella-Shigella agar (SS), and Hektoen enteric agar (HEA) media. CAS medium was then compared prospectively to XLD and SS for the detection and presumptive identification of Salmonella strains in 500 consecutive clinical stool samples. All stock Salmonella isolates produced typical mauve colonies on CAS medium. Nine Salmonella strains were isolated from clinical specimens. The sensitivities for the detection of salmonellae after primary plating on CAS medium and the combination of XLD and SS after enrichment were 100%. The specificity for the detection of salmonellae after primary plating on CAS medium (83%) was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher than that after primary plating on the combination of SS and XLD media (55%) (a 28% difference in rates; 95% confidence interval, 23.0 to 34%). Twenty-nine non-Salmonella organisms produced mauve colonies on CAS medium, including 17 Candida spp. (59%) and 8 Pseudomonas spp. (28%). These were easily excluded as salmonellae by colony morphology, microscopic examination of a wet preparation, or oxidase testing. One biochemically inert Escherichia coli isolate required further identification to differentiate it from Salmonella spp. The use of plating on CAS medium demonstrated high levels of sensitivity and specificity and reduced the time to final identification of Salmonella spp., resulting in substantial cost savings. It can be recommended for use for the primary isolation of Salmonella spp. from stool specimens. Other media (e.g., XLD) are required to detect Shigella spp. concurrently.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of CHROMagar Salmonella Medium and Xylose-Lysine-Desoxycholate and Salmonella-Shigella Agars for Isolation of Salmonella Strains from Stool Samples

2002

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“…Rambach agar (CHROMagar Microbiology, France; Merck, Germany) and SM ID (bioMérieux, Germany). Several evaluations have shown that these two media may be used successfully to subculture organisms from enrichment broth, though neither is very sensitive when used as a primary isolation medium [1,2,3,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a New Chromogenic Medium for the Isolation and Presumptive Identification of Salmonella Species from Stool Specimens

Eigner

Reissbrodt

Hammann

et al. 2001

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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The performance of BBL CHROMagar Salmonella (Becton Dickinson, France), a new selective chromogenic medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of Salmonella spp., was evaluated. On this medium, which is a modification of CHROMagar Salmonella (CHROMagar Microbiology, France) with enhanced selectivity, the colonies of Salmonella are stained in mauve (rose-violet), while those of other organisms appear in blue-green or are not stained by any of the chromogens of the medium. The medium was evaluated with a total of 176 strains of Salmonella and other organisms, consisting of 18 reference strains and 158 clinical isolates. All Salmonella strains except subspecies IIIa and IIIb strains and Salmonella Gallinarum yielded typical mauve colonies. During the evaluation with 107 known positive and 332 unknown stool specimens in a clinical laboratory, a total of 115 and 105 Salmonella isolates were obtained on BBL CHROMagar Salmonella and Hektoen enteric agar, respectively. From the known positive stool specimens, 92 true positive cultures were obtained on BBL CHROMagar Salmonella and 89 on Hektoen enteric agar, yielding sensitivities of 86 and 83%, respectively. From the unknown stool specimens, a total of 27 Salmonella isolates were obtained, with 23 isolated from BBL CHROMagar Salmonella and 16 from Hektoen enteric agar by direct plating (sensitivity 85 and 59%, specificity 99 and 97%, respectively). Seroagglutination tests could be performed directly from BBL CHROMagar Salmonella. Compared to conventional isolation media, the time needed for confirmatory biochemical and serological tests was shortened by about 1 day when BBL CHROMagar Salmonella was used. On the basis of these results, the medium can be recommended for the primary isolation and presumptive identification of Salmonella spp. from clinical stool specimens.

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“…These media incorporate chromogenic substrates which are metabolized by Salmonella spp. (29). Although chromogenic media have higher specificities than conventional media, some of them have a low sensitivity (10,13,30), which results in more false negatives observed on these media.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of an Improved Selective and Differential Medium for Isolation of Salmonella spp

2012

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We describe an improved selective, differential, and cost-effective medium, XA medium, which contains d -arabinose, to facilitate the selective isolation of Salmonella spp. The sensitivity and the specificity of XA medium were compared to those of xylose lysine desoxycholate agar (XLD) using stock cultures and naturally contaminated food samples. XA medium and XLD were evaluated with a total of 82 Salmonella and 69 non- Salmonella stock cultures. Of 82 strains of Salmonella spp. tested, 76 produced a characteristic black colony on XA medium and XLD. The remaining 6 strains belonged to Salmonella enterica serovars Berta ( n = 1), Paratyphi A ( n = 1), Gallinarum ( n = 2), and Pullorum ( n = 2). The sensitivities of XA medium and XLD were identical (92.7%). Citrobacter freundii ( n = 21) and Proteus mirabilis ( n = 21) stock cultures produced black colonies on XLD, whereas only 4 strains of P. mirabilis appeared as black colonies on XA medium. In the second phase of the study, a total of 180 food samples were cultured onto XA medium and XLD after selective enrichment. The sensitivities of XA medium and XLD were equal (100%), and a total of 6 Salmonella strains were isolated from the 180 food samples. The specificity of XA medium (92.0%) was superior to that of XLD (73.0%), with a total of 14 and 47 false-positive results found on XA medium and XLD, respectively. On the basis of its good specificity, XA medium is useful for the isolation of Salmonella spp. from food samples.

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Performance of six culture media for isolation ofSalmonella species from stool samples

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Comparison of CHROMagar Salmonella Medium and Xylose-Lysine-Desoxycholate and Salmonella-Shigella Agars for Isolation of Salmonella Strains from Stool Samples

Comparison of CHROMagar Salmonella Medium and Xylose-Lysine-Desoxycholate and Salmonella-Shigella Agars for Isolation of Salmonella Strains from Stool Samples

Evaluation of a New Chromogenic Medium for the Isolation and Presumptive Identification of Salmonella Species from Stool Specimens

Development of an Improved Selective and Differential Medium for Isolation of Salmonella spp

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