Performance of rainwater harvesting systems under scenarios of non-potable water demand and roof area typologies using a stochastic approach

Lopes, Vitória Ache Rocha; Marques, Guilherme Fernandes; Dornelles, Fernando; Medellín–Azuara, Josué

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.132

Cited by 64 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In Minas Gerais, a state in southeastern Brazil, for an assumed rainwater demand equal to 50%, the potable water saving potential was 50% [38], because the authors considered average roof areas equal to 85 m 2 and 150 m 2 ; this implies that the roof areas in this region were sufficiently large enough to meet the rainwater demand. In northeastern Brazil, the average potential for potable water savings by using rainwater was 31% [22], which was similar to the average potentials determined in this study.…”

Section: Potential For Potable Water Savings By Using Rainwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Potential for Potable Water Savings in the Residential Sector of a City: A Case Study of Joinville City

Custódio

Ghisi

2019

Water

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for potable water savings by using rainwater in the residential sector of Joinville, a city located in southern Brazil. Data on roof areas of residential buildings were obtained from the Joinville city council. By considering the roof areas and typologies of residential buildings, representative models were created. The following parameters were used to determine the rainwater tank capacity: the number of dwellers; the total daily water demand per capita; and the rainwater demand. To carry out the simulations for determining the optimal rainwater tank sizes and potential for potable water savings, the computer program Netuno was used to run 33,720 different scenarios. By considering the occurrence percentage for each representative building model (weighted average), the average potential for potable water savings by using rainwater was calculated. The average potential in the central region of Joinville was 18.5% when there is rainwater use only in toilets, and 40.8% when there is rainwater use in toilets and washing machines. The rainwater harvesting system showed a better performance for a rainwater demand equal to 20% of the total daily water demand. The results indicate the necessity to properly size rainwater tank capacities to meet water demands, thereby encouraging more people to adopt rainwater harvesting as an alternative source for non-potable water in buildings. The demand for rainwater should be carefully evaluated, especially in multi-story residential buildings, due to the low availability of roof areas.

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Section: Potential For Potable Water Savings By Using Rainwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Potential for Potable Water Savings in the Residential Sector of a City: A Case Study of Joinville City

Custódio

Ghisi

2019

Water

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“…In contrast, Kuller et al (2017) concluded that rainwater harvesting is not economically viable in a large scale based on quantitative scenario analysis with dynamic modelling to assess the potential for rainwater harvesting to supply the non-potable demand in Amsterdam airport Schiphol. Lopes et al (2017) highlighted rainwater harvesting systems as very low risk Research also needs to be conducted on how socio-political support can be earned to improve community acceptance of rainwater harvesting systems in developing and water scarce regions.…”

Section: Quality At Least Six Papers In 2017 Addressedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Stormwater Characterization, Control and Treatment

Moore

Rodak

Ahmed

et al. 2018

Water Environment Research

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A review of literature related to stormwater runoff characterization and its subsequent management and treatment from 2017 was conducted. The 250 articles summarized herein are organized along three central themes: (1) stormwater quality and quantity characteristics, (2) site-scale stormwater management practices, with a focus on low impact development (LID) and green infrastructure (GI), and (3) watershed-scale performance of stormwater controls. Within each section, common research themes and future work are highlighted.

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“…Rainwater harvesting should be considered an important element to augment water supply in both urban and rural areas, prevent flooding and alleviate the impact of climate change [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Rainwater harvesting, henceforth Rainwater Harvesting (RWH), is defined as the collection of water from a catchment area on which rain falls and a conveyance system to a subsequent storage facility for later use [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Poor Rural Communities: A Case Study from Yatta Area, Palestine

Al-Batsh

Al‐Khatib

Ghannam

et al. 2019

Water

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Yatta is a town located nine kilometers south of Hebron city in the West Bank of Palestine. The town houses over 100,000 people of which 49% are females and has a population that doubles every 15 years. Yatta has been connected to a water network since 1974 serving nearly 85% of its households. The water network is old and inadequate to meet the needs of the population. Water supply made available to the area is limited, estimated at 20 L/capita/day. Residents are thus forced to rely on water vendors who supply water that is 400% more expensive with a lower quality compared to municipal water. Therefore, rainwater harvesting is a common practice in the area, with the majority of households owning at least one cistern. Rainwater harvesting is of great socio-economic importance in areas where water sources are scarce and/or polluted. In this research, the quality of harvested rainwater used for drinking and domestic purposes in Yatta was assessed throughout one year. A total of 100 samples were collected from cisterns with an average capacity of 69 m3, which are adjacent to cement-roof catchment areas of 145 m2 average surface area. Samples were analyzed for a number of parameters including temperature, pH, alkalinity, hardness, turbidity, total dissolved solids, NO3, NH4, chloride and salinity. Results showed that most of the rainwater samples were within World Health Organization (WHO) and Environment Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines for chemical parameters. Microbiological contents such as total Coliforms and faecal Coliforms bacteria were tested. The research also addressed the impact of rainwater harvesting systems on different socio-economic attributes of the local community through a questionnaire that had been filled out before any sample was collected.

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Performance of rainwater harvesting systems under scenarios of non-potable water demand and roof area typologies using a stochastic approach

Cited by 64 publications

References 21 publications

Assessing the Potential for Potable Water Savings in the Residential Sector of a City: A Case Study of Joinville City

Assessing the Potential for Potable Water Savings in the Residential Sector of a City: A Case Study of Joinville City

Urban Stormwater Characterization, Control and Treatment

Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Poor Rural Communities: A Case Study from Yatta Area, Palestine

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