Performance of natural‐fiber–plastic composites under stress for outdoor applications: Effect of moisture, temperature, and ultraviolet light exposure

López, José L.; Sain, M.; Cooper, Paul A.

doi:10.1002/app.22884

Cited by 60 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This might be because of the lower degree of crystallinity of OPS nanoparticles which leaded to higher water absorption of the sample. The reduced degree of water absorption due to the replacement of the hydroxyl groups with carbon atoms in the PF chains has also been reported by several researchers (Lopez et al 2006; Abdul Khalil et al 2010b). Abdul Khalil et al (2010b) found an interesting result that the highest water absorption because of the presence of more hydroxyl groups in the parenchyma tissue that enabled more hydrogen bonding formation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…It was found that long-term exposed of the composites to elevated conditions affected the mechanical properties. Solar irradiance (UV component of the sunlight), relative humidity and temperature are the causal agents of this deterioration of natural fiber of impregnated samples (Lopez et al 2006). The increase in the mechanical properties due to the chemical modification has been reported by several researchers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural weathering studies of oil palm trunk lumber (OPTL) green polymer composites enhanced with oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles

et al. 2013

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In this study, a green composite was produced from Oil Palm Trunk Lumber (OPTL) by impregnating oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles with formaldehyde resin. The changes of physical, mechanical and morphological properties of the OPS nanoparticles impregnated OPTL as a result of natural weathering was investigated. The OPS fibres were ground with a ball-mill for producing nanoparticles before being mixed with the phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin at a concentration of 1, 3, 5 and 10% w/w basis and impregnated into the OPTL by vacuum-pressure method. The treated OPTL samples were exposed to natural weathering for the period of 6 and 12 months in West Java, Indonesia according to ASTM D1435-99 standard. Physical and mechanical tests were done for analyzing the changes in phenol formaldehyde-nanoparticles impregnated (PF-NPI) OPTL. FT-IR and SEM studies were done to analyze the morphological changes. The results showed that both exposure time of weathering and concentration of PF-NPI had significant impact on physical and mechanical properties of OPTL. The longer exposure of samples to weathering condition reduced the wave numbers during FT-IR test. However, all these physical, mechanical and morphological changes were significant when compared with the untreated samples or only PF impregnated samples. Thus, it can be concluded that PF-NP impregnation into OPTL improved the resistance against natural weathering and would pave the ground for improved products from OPTL for outdoor conditions.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural weathering studies of oil palm trunk lumber (OPTL) green polymer composites enhanced with oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles

et al. 2013

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“…Other investigators have reported that inclusion of maleated olefins with the composite blend considerably reduces water absorption when using bio-fillers such as poplar wood, loblolly pine wood, sisal fiber, or wheat straw. [34][35][36][37][38] Particle size of PW in composite blends did influence weight gain (Figure 4). Composite blends composed of smaller particles (PP-#200PW-MAPP and PP-25BGPW-MAPP) exhibited less weight gain than composites that contained larger particles (PP-#40PW-MAPP and PP-#60PW-MAPP) (Figure 4).…”

Section: Influence Of Mixing Different Fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of particle size, coupling agent and DDGS additions on Paulownia wood polypropylene composites

Tisserat

Reifschneider

Grewell

et al. 2014

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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Studies aimed at improving the tensile, flexural, impact, thermal, and physical characteristics of wood-plastic composites composed of Paulownia wood flour derived from 36-month-old trees blended with polypropylene were conducted. Composites of 25% and 40% w/w of Paulownia wood were produced by twin-screw compounding and injection molding. Composites containing 0-10% by weight of maleated polypropylene were evaluated and an optimum maleated polypropylene concentration determined, i.e., 5%. The particle size distribution of Paulownia wood filler is shown to have an effect on the tensile and flexural properties of the composites. Novel combination composites of dried distiller's grain with solubles mixed with Paulownia wood (up to 40% w/w) were produced and their properties evaluated. Depending on the composite tested, soaking composites for 872 h alters mechanical properties and causes weight gain. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. Abstract Studies aimed at improving the tensile, flexural, impact, thermal, and physical characteristics of wood-plastic composites composed of Paulownia wood flour derived from 36-month-old trees blended with polypropylene were conducted. Composites of 25% and 40% w/w of Paulownia wood were produced by twin-screw compounding and injection molding. Composites containing 0-10% by weight of maleated polypropylene were evaluated and an optimum maleated polypropylene concentration determined, i.e., 5%. The particle size distribution of Paulownia wood filler is shown to have an effect on the tensile and flexural properties of the composites. Novel combination composites of dried distiller's grain with solubles mixed with Paulownia wood (up to 40% w/w) were produced and their properties evaluated. Depending on the composite tested, soaking composites for 872 h alters mechanical properties and causes weight gain.

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“…Environmental stresses such as water soaking may cause changes in the mechanical properties to occur, which needs to be measured in order to assess the potential commercial value of a composite (Thwe and Liao 2002;Lopez et al 2006;Clemons and Stark 2009;Zabihzadeh 2010). For example, flexural properties have been reported to decrease when lignocellulosic plastic composites are weathered (Thwe and Liao 2002;Lopez et al 2006;Clemons and Stark 2009).…”

Section: Water Absorption Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, flexural properties have been reported to decrease when lignocellulosic plastic composites are weathered (Thwe and Liao 2002;Lopez et al 2006;Clemons and Stark 2009). In this work, the Type V tensile bars that were not soaked and Type V bars that were soaked in water for 672 h were tested for their mechanical properties, as shown in Table 4.…”

Section: Water Absorption Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of High Density Polyethylene – Paulownia Wood Flour Composites via Injection Molding

Tisserat¹,

Reifschneider²,

Joshee³

et al. 2013

BioResources

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Paulownia wood (PW) flour was evaluated as a reinforcement for thermoplastic composites. Composites of high-density polyethylene in pellet form (HDPE), 25% by weight of PW, and either 0% or 5% by weight of maleated polyethylene pellets (MAPE), were produced by twin screw compounding followed by injection molding. Formulations of PW flour composed of specific particle sizes (≤590 to ≤75 µm) were also compared. Molded test composites were evaluated for their tensile, flexural, impact, and thermal properties. Composites made with PW and MAPE had significantly improved tensile and flexural properties compared to neat HDPE. The impact strength of all composites using MAPE was 30% improved over HDPE. Benchmarking PW composites to similar preparations of pine wood flour composites demonstrated that PW can produce a comparable and in some cases a superior bio-fiber composite. The effect of environmental exposure was examined by soaking tensile bars of HDPE-PW blends in distilled water for 28 days to observe changes in their physical and mechanical properties. Finally, differential scanning calorimetery and thermogravimetric analysis were conducted on PW composites to evaluate their thermal properties and the implications these may have on selecting processing conditions for the bio-fiber reinforcements.

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Performance of natural‐fiber–plastic composites under stress for outdoor applications: Effect of moisture, temperature, and ultraviolet light exposure

Cited by 60 publications

References 11 publications

Natural weathering studies of oil palm trunk lumber (OPTL) green polymer composites enhanced with oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles

Natural weathering studies of oil palm trunk lumber (OPTL) green polymer composites enhanced with oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles

Effect of particle size, coupling agent and DDGS additions on Paulownia wood polypropylene composites

Properties of High Density Polyethylene – Paulownia Wood Flour Composites via Injection Molding

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