Performance of Methyl Eugenol + Matrix + Toxicant Combinations Under Field Conditions in Hawaii and California for Trapping <I>Bactrocera dorsalis</I> (Diptera:Tephritidae)

Abstract

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a major pest of many fruit crops worldwide. Current detection programs by federal and state agencies in the United States use a grid of traps consisting of liquid methyl eugenol (lure) and naled (toxicant) applied to cotton wicks and hung inside the trap. In recent years efforts have been made to incorporate these chemicals into various solid-type matrices that could be individually packaged to reduce human exposure to the chemicals and improve handling. New solid formulations containing methyl eugenol and either naled or dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate toxicants were compared with the standard formulations on cotton wicks in large scale field evaluation in Hawaii. Two reduced risk toxicants (spinosad and Rynaxypyr) were also evaluated. In one test the solid lure-toxicant-matrix combinations were sent to California to be weathered under California climate conditions and then sent back to Hawaii for evaluation. The polymer matrices with lure and toxicant were found to be as attractive as baited wicks and have the same longevity of attraction regardless of being weathered in Hawaii or in California. The new ingestible toxicants were also effective, although further testing of these ingestible lure + toxicant + matrix products is necessary.

Research of Synergistic Substances on Tobacco Beetle [Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)] Adults Attractants

“…Therefore, the attractants composed of a large number of chemical substances and have attracting effects on insects are more meaningful for pest control. For example, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) food attractants are composed of eugenol, matrix, and toxicant ( Jang et al, 2013 ), and the bollworm food attractant contains 2-phenylethanol, phenylacetaldehyde, and volatiles found primarily in leaves ( Gregg et al, 2010 ). The food attractants of Diabrotica spp.…”

Jackson trap efficiency capturing Bactrocera dorsalis and Zeugodacus cucurbitae with male lures with and without insecticides

“…While a repellent effect has been hypothesized (Jang, 2011), a study on Ceratitis capitata suggests that mortality outside the trap is a more likely cause (Manoukis, 2016). Under weather conditions found in California, Arizona and Florida duration of the lures might be shorter, in the range of 6–8 weeks for methyl eugenol and 12 for cuelure (Jang et al, 2013; T. Shelly et al, 2015). Lure and insecticide longevity in the U.S. mainland is affected by season (Vargas et al, 2017).…”

Weathering of Methyl Eugenol Solid Dispensers: Effects on Residual Amount, Release Rate, and Field Capture of Bactrocera dorsalis Males (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…From the operational perspective of USDA-APHIS, however, this earlier research has not afforded a clear-cut assessment of the 50% rule. For example, studies often did not include liquid-baited traps as a control for comparison with solid-baited traps (Suckling et al 2008;Jang 2011) or, if included, liquid-baited wicks were weathered along with the solid dispensers (Vargas et al 2009;Jang et al 2013;Shelly et al 2013), thus precluding comparisons between fresh liquid and weathered solid dispensers. In addition, earlier work typically used trap/lure dispenser/ toxicant combinations that differed greatly from the specific combination being appraised as the program-wide replacement for liquid methyl eugenol.…”