Jackson trap efficiency capturing Bactrocera dorsalis and Zeugodacus cucurbitae with male lures with and without insecticides

Abstract

Jackson traps baited with male lures with or without insecticides are essential components of surveillance and monitoring programmes against pest tephritid fruit flies. The ability of a trap to capture a fly that enters, sometimes termed ‘trap efficiency’, is dependent on many factors including the trap/lure/toxicant combination. We tested the effects of three important components of Jackson traps on efficiency of capture of two important fruit fly species, using the ‘standard’ (i.e. as they are used in the state‐wide surveillance programme in California) and alternative setups: Insecticide (Naled, DDVP or None), type of adhesive on the sticky panel (Seabright Laboratories Stickem Special Regular or Stickem Special HiTack) and use of a single or combination male lure (Methyl eugenol and/or cuelure). Experiments were conducted in large outdoor carousel olfactometers with known numbers of Bactrocera dorsalis and Zeugodacus cucurbitae and by trapping wild populations of the same two species. Lures were aged out to eight weeks to develop a comprehensive dataset on trap efficiency of the various combinations. Results indicate that the current liquid lure/naled combinations on cotton wicks used in California for surveillance of these flies can be effectively replaced by plastic polymer plugs for the lure and pre‐packaged DDVP strips with no loss of trap efficiency for eight weeks of use or longer. The ‘high tack’ adhesive showed no advantage over the current standard against these flies, and both have low efficiency when used without an insecticide in the trap. Combination lure + DDVP varied when compared to the current standard liquid lure + naled: Olfactometer assays showed similar efficiency between them for B. dorsalis, but higher efficiency for the wafer against Z. cucurbitae. Field result showed similar or slightly higher performance of the wafer compared with the standard for B. dorsalis, but a much lower catch of Z. cucurbitae.

The Effect of Cuelure on Attracting and Feeding Behavior in Zeugodacus tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…However, the experiments were conducted indoors, and their duration seemed short compared with the long period of field trapping trials. The field test cycle is relatively long, so the quality and potency of the lure during use become an important focus [93,94]. Therefore, our tests should explore in depth how to maintain the lure activity over a longer period.…”

Review of surveillance systems for tephritid fruit fly threats in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States

“…For a delta trap, this might mean other species such as Z. cucurbitae land on a thick layer of B. dorsalis , making it easy for them to fall out of the trap or escape. In addition, a large number of B. dorsalis might cause behavioral interference limiting the catch of other species ( Manoukis et al 2023 ).…”

CRISPR/Cas9 Ribo nucleoprotein complex‐mediated editing of the OBP13 gene affected the response of male Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) to methyl eugenol

“…As these flies are ambiguous endophagous feeders, dispersive, efficient fliers with highly suited ovipositional behaviour of females to lay eggs deeper into the fruit mesocarp confer the chemical control less efficient and lead to resistance to insecticides. The existing control measures constitute chemical insecticides (Jaffar et al, 2023), bait and kill (Ahmad et al, 2023;Manoukis et al, 2023), immediate harvesting, fruit bagging or netting (Ndlela et al, 2016), field sanitation (Verghese et al, 2004), sterile insect technique (Cai et al, 2020;Diouf et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2019), semiochemicals (Cai et al, 2020) and release of biocontrol agents (Jaffar et al, 2023). Male exclusive lure methyl eugenol (ME)-mediated bait traps can simultaneously provide for identification, monitoring and management of B. dorsalis within the concerned area (Tan et al, 2014).…”