Performance of ion intercalation materials in capacitive deionization/electrochemical deionization: A review

Recent Progresses in Adsorption Mechanism, Architectures, Electrode Materials and Applications for Advanced Electrosorption System: A Review

“…Although the HCDI system has a higher desalination capacity than CDI, the desalting capacity of some Faraday electrode materials tends to decay rapidly during the cycle of adsorption and desorption. Therefore, Faraday electrode materials with high cycle performance for HCDI also need to be further explored [ 46 , 61 ].…”

Highly Efficient Capacitive Deionization Enabled by NiCo4MnO8.5 Electrodes

“…Recently, the Faradaic reactions electrodes have demonstrated remarkable salt removal capacity and current efficiency in CDI research since they can store ions within the crystal structures. [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] Among all Faradaic electrodes, the transition metal oxides have drawn great attentions in energy storage research field due to their suitability in aqueous solution, [ 15 , 16 , 21 ] i.e., NiO, Co 3 O 4 , and MnO 2 . [ 22 ] Nevertheless, the low conductivity and ion diffusion rate associated with transition metal oxides are harmful to their electrochemical activity.…”

“…[ 24 ] Moreover, the redox potentials of transition metal oxides can be tunneled by controlling the kinds and amount of metal elements. [ 21 , 25 ] In the family of transition metal oxides, the TMOs have multiple oxidation states which enable higher ions storage capacity than single component metal oxides as well as multiple redox reactions during the charging/discharging. [ 25 , 26 ]…”

Electrochemical Redox Cells Capable of Desalination and Energy Storage: Addressing Challenges of the Water–Energy Nexus

“…Electrochemical desalination technologies have been investigated as alternatives to thermal distillation and RO. − Unlike thermal distillation and RO, where water molecules are separated from saline water, in electrochemical desalination, salt ions are separated from saline water. As the amount of salt is less than the amount of water in saline water, electrochemical desalination has the potential to achieve desalination with a higher water recovery and lower cost than thermal distillation and RO.…”

“…The two most well-established electrochemical desalination methods are capacitive deionization (CDI) and electrodialysis (ED). In CDI, desalination is achieved through the adsorption of salt ions in the electrical double layer of high surface area electrodes when a voltage is applied between the two electrodes (Figure a). , Although CDI has long been considered a promising approach for energy-efficient desalination, its limited capacity for ion storage and excessive co-ion expulsion hinder the practical application of CDI for the desalination of highly concentrated saline water, like seawater. − Thus, CDI is limited only to the desalination of brackish water.…”