Periodontitis is a common type of inflammatory bone loss and is a risk factor for systemic diseases. The pathogenesis of periodontitis relies on inflammatory dysregulation, which represents a target for new therapeutic strategies to treat periodontitis. Here we demonstrate that cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is correlated with periodontitis in patient samples, and that cfDNA/TLR9 interactions participate in the immune response of periodontitis. We then tested the hypothesis that removing cfDNA would benefit periodontitis treatment. To create nucleic acid-binding nanoparticles (NABNs) specific for periodontitis, we coated bone-mimicking selenium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with cationic polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM-G3), and compared the activities of these NABNs with those of soluble PAMAM-G3 polymers. Both NABNs and PAMAM-G3 inhibited periodontitis-related inflammation in vitro by scavenging cfDNA, and alleviated inflammatory bone loss in a mouse model of ligature-induced periodontitis. Both cfDNA scavengers also regulated the mononuclear phagocyte system in a periodontitis environment, promoting the M1 over the M2 macrophage phenotype. However, NABNs showed greater therapeutic effects than PAMAM-G3 in terms of scavenging and reducing inflammation and bone loss in vivo. Our findings demonstrate the importance of cfDNA in periodontitis and the potential for using cfDNA-scavenging and hydroxyapatite-based NABNs to ameliorate inflammation and bone loss in periodontitis.
As an advanced strategy for water treatment, electrosorb technology has attracted extensive attention in the fields of seawater desalination and water pollution treatment due to the advantages of low consumption, environmental protection, simplicity and easy regeneration. In this work, the related adsorption mechanism, primary architectures, electrode materials, and applications of different electrosorption systems were reviewed. In addition, the developments for advanced electrosorb technology were also summarized and prospected.
The reuse of waste cigarette filters is helpful to save resources and protect environment, and cellulose based functional materials can be applied in wastewater treatment due to the high porosity. Therefore, a novel kind of cellulose foams were fabricated by using waste cigarette filters and polyvinyl alcohol via a lyophilization technology and hydrophobicity modification in this work.As-prepared foams possessed an ultra-low density and high specific surface area (up to 40 m 2 g À1 ). After the hydrophobicity modification, the cellulose foam exhibited a water contact angle of 91.9 and 126.2 on external surface and cross section, which showed a superior oil adsorption capacity of 14 g g À1 . These developed cellulose foams have a low cost, good hydrophobicity and high adsorption capacity for oil as a promising absorbent, realizing the conversion of waste into high-value products successfully.
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