Performance of Highway Bridge Girder Anchorages under Simulated Hurricane Wave Induced Loads

Lehrman, Jora B.; Higgins, Christopher; Cox, Daniel T.

doi:10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000262

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Bridges with spans of the same or lower elevation than peak surge levels experience severe structural failure during cyclonic events (Irish and Cañizares 2009). In storm surges, the superstructures are moved away from the supporting substructure due to the damage in the anchorages from surface waves (Chen et al 2009;Douglass et al 2006;Lehrman et al 2012). Robertson et al (2007) described the phenomena behind the damage to anchorages as the contribution of the reduced self-weight of the deck for the uplift force.…”

Section: Damage Due To Surge Induced Loadingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability assessment of bridges subjected to extreme cyclonic events

Pathiranage

Lokuge

2020

Nat Hazards

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Over the past few years Queensland in Australia has suffered from a number of severe tropical cyclones, the most recent one being Marcia, that took place in 2015. Damage bill of Cyclone Marcia exceeded $50 million which included cost of repairing a number of damaged road structures. Failure of road structures such as bridges isolates communities from accessing essential services and commodities. This necessitated a methodical approach to evaluate the failure of bridges to improve their resilience and provide base knowledge for developing emergency maintenance response. Although there are several methods available to evaluate the vulnerability of bridges , fault tree analysis (FTA) was selected in this study by considering its positive attributes over the other methods. FTA was used to estimate the probabilities of failure of main components (superstructure and substructure) and elements of timber and concrete bridges. Secondary data (level 1 and level 2 bridge inspection reports from Transport Main Roads in Rockhampton) before and after the Cyclone Marcia were used in conjunction with expert advice to construct fault trees for both timber and concrete bridges. Potential failure mechanisms were observed and the degree of susceptibility of main components of timber and concrete bridges to cyclonic events were evaluated. This research was based on selected bridges under specific cyclone in one region, which is a limitation of the study. Few other case study bridges subjected to cyclonic events can be used to strengthen the understanding of the complete dynamics of the bridge failure under these extreme events.

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Section: Damage Due To Surge Induced Loadingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability assessment of bridges subjected to extreme cyclonic events

Pathiranage

Lokuge

2020

Nat Hazards

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“…Robertson et al, (2011) conducted survey on the damaged bridges during Hurricane Katrina, and found the connections were inadequately designed. Lehrman et al, (2012) examined structural performance of three commonly used connections: headed studs, through bolts, and clip bolts under different loading conditions. It was concluded that none of the anchorages could withstand the extreme wave forces, and combination of these connections is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability-based retrofit assessment of coastal bridges subjected to wave forces using 3D CFD simulation and metamodeling

Zhu

Dong

2021

Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems

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This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis framework, combining three-dimensional (3D) numerical model and machine learning, to investigate probabilistic performance of retrofit actions on coastal bridges subjected to extreme wave forces. Specifically, a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is developed to calculate extreme wave load on the bridge superstructure, which could provide more accurate results as compared with traditional twodimensional (2D) model. The established 3D model is validated by laboratory experiments. The characteristics of wave forces are parametrically investigated, and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is utilized to quantify the loading effects with multiple surge and wave parameters. Such numerical-based ANN model could predict wave forces under variable scenarios accurately, and significantly reduce the high computational cost of the 3D numerical model. Based on the numerical and machine learning results, the bridge fragility curve is derived by considering uncertainties associated with structural demand, capacity, and hurricane hazard. Long-term failure risk is assessed under different climate change scenarios. Furthermore, different retrofit methods to improve structural performance and reduce failure risk are examined according to the proposed framework, including inserting air venting hole, enhancing connection strength, and elevating bridge structure. The proposed framework could facilitate the optimal and robust design and maintenance of coastal infrastructures under hurricane effects in a long-term time interval.

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“…AASHTO (2008) proposed a guide specification for estimating wave forces on the superstructures based on experimental tests. It was generally believed that damage of coastal bridge decks occurs if any of force components caused by storm surges and waves exceeds the structural capacity (Hayatdavoodi et al, 2015; Lehrman et al, 2011; Robertson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical investigation of wave-current forces on coastal bridge superstructures with box girders

Zhang

Zhu

Kang

et al. 2019

Advances in Structural Engineering

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Coastal bridges are exposed to hurricane waves and storm surges during hurricanes, which threaten the safety of the superstructures. Since waves and ocean currents coexist in the natural marine environment and the action of currents leads to changes in wave parameters and thus affects wave loads, considering their interaction is necessary for the study of wave forces on coastal bridges. In this study, hydrodynamic loads on a box girder with the joint action of regular waves and currents are investigated with both experiments and numerical models. A series of experiments of wave forces that include conditions with different wave heights, current velocities, wave periods and submergence depths are conducted in a wave flume. Two-dimensional numerical simulations are performed to further investigate the mechanics of wave-current forces on box girder bridges. The wave parameters and wave forces of the numerical simulations are compared with the experimental results. The results indicate that a following current usually leads to higher maximum horizontal forces and lower maximum vertical forces. The opposing current results in a higher maximum hydrodynamic vertical force than following current with a low submergence depth. However, due to the joint effect of the wave parameters and structure position relationships, the behaviours of wave forces in other situations become complicated. It is anticipated that this study can provide experimental data of wave-current forces for the superstructures of box girder bridges and enhance the understanding of the mechanism of bridge damage by waves and currents.

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Performance of Highway Bridge Girder Anchorages under Simulated Hurricane Wave Induced Loads

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

Vulnerability assessment of bridges subjected to extreme cyclonic events

Vulnerability assessment of bridges subjected to extreme cyclonic events

Reliability-based retrofit assessment of coastal bridges subjected to wave forces using 3D CFD simulation and metamodeling

Experimental and numerical investigation of wave-current forces on coastal bridge superstructures with box girders

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