Performance of football shin guards for direct stud impacts

Ankrah, S.; Mills, N. J.

doi:10.1007/bf02844024

Cited by 45 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Previous studies which have examined human limb impact response have typically either examined the lower leg (Ankrah & Mills, 2003;Ankrah & Mills, 2004;Francisco et al, 2000), with particular regards to tibia impacts or considered high strain rate ballistic impacts (Bergeron et al, 2006). Hrysomallis (2009) reported a study of impact response of a human thigh segment (Hrysomallis, 2009), in which both human volunteers and cadavers were tested but further directly comparable data is scarce.…”

Section: Computational Model Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of new multi-material human soft tissue simulants for sports impact surrogates

Payne

Mitchell

Bibb

et al. 2015

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Section: Computational Model Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of new multi-material human soft tissue simulants for sports impact surrogates

Payne

Mitchell

Bibb

et al. 2015

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…PPE and crash mats typically contain compliant material (i.e., foam) to cushion impacting bodies. A stiff shell in PPE can spread concentrated loads [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Density and Modulus in Auxetic Foam Fabrications—Implications for Impact and Indentation Testing

Duncan¹,

Allen²,

Foster³

et al. 2018

The 12th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association

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Foams are commonly used for cushioning in protective sporting equipment. Volumetrically compressing open-cell polyurethane foam buckles cell ribs creating a re-entrant structure-set by heating then cooling-which can impart auxetic behaviour. Theoretically, auxetic materials improve impact protection by increasing indentation resistance and energy absorption, potentially reducing sporting injuries and burdens on individuals, health services and national economies. In previous work, auxetic foam exhibited ~3 to ~8 times lower peak force (compared to its conventional counterpart) under impacts adopted from tests used to certify protective sporting equipment. Increases to the foam's density and changes to stress/strain relationships (from fabrication) mean Poisson's ratio's contribution to reduced peak forces under impact is unclear. This work presents a simple fabrication method for foam samples with comparable density and linear stress/strain relationship, but different Poisson's ratios ranging between 0.1 and −0.3, an important step in assessing the Poisson's ratio's contribution to impact force attenuation.

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“…A contemporary shin guard has a very similar construction, having a five-stick construction in the protection area to absorb blows. This construction allows the distribution of the impact force along the tibia and to the lateral muscle [15].…”

Section: Japanese Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Personal Ballistic Protection (PBP)

Ciesielska–Wróbel¹

2017

Textiles for Advanced Applications

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The review concerns existing contemporary protective equipment and their components serving against ballistic and non-ballistic threats of different sorts. The main focus, however, is on the personal ballistic protection (PBP) based on textile components and their role in the protective elements. Soft ballistic protections are crucial Soft ballistic protections are crucial elements of PBP, for example in military and law enforcements. Although the subject of PBP was limited in this chapter to soft ballistic protection, other elements, e.g. hard ballistic protection, stab-resistant vests, dual threat, so-called in-conjunction protective elements, modern helmets, were also mentioned in this chapter to demonstrate positioning of the soft ballistic protection and other elements in the global personal protection approach. Apart from it, the chapter contains selected information concerning high-performance polymers and fibres as well as a brief notes about their application in protective panels being basic elements of any protective element. The final remarks concern the most up-to-date approach in relation to ballistic protection, which is immersing high-performance fibres into non-Newtonian liquid substances having the ability of ordering their chemical particles and changing into a high concentration and high segregation lattice under the influence of kinetic energy impact.

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Performance of football shin guards for direct stud impacts

Cited by 45 publications

References 14 publications

The evaluation of new multi-material human soft tissue simulants for sports impact surrogates

The evaluation of new multi-material human soft tissue simulants for sports impact surrogates

Controlling Density and Modulus in Auxetic Foam Fabrications—Implications for Impact and Indentation Testing

Contemporary Personal Ballistic Protection (PBP)

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