Performance of expanded graphite and expanded milled-graphite fillers in thermosetting resins

Jia, W.; Tchoudakov, R.; Narkis, M.; Siegmann, A.

doi:10.1002/pc.20123

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…[3] The high aspect ratio and the large surface area of GNSs are responsible for the much lower percolation threshold and better electrical conductivity of conducting polymer composites than composites with micrometer-scale conventional reinforcements. [4] Conducting polymer composites have many potential applications in electromagnetic interference shielding for electronic devices and electrostatic dissipation, where high electrical conductivity of the composite material is the most critical requirement. [5] Recently, much attention has been given to the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in composite materials to utilize their exceptional mechanical and electronic properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐Step Ionic‐Liquid‐Assisted Electrochemical Synthesis of Ionic‐Liquid‐Functionalized Graphene Sheets Directly from Graphite

Liu¹,

Luo²,

Wu³

et al. 2008

Adv Funct Materials

988

547

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Graphite, inexpensive and available in large quantities, unfortunately does not readily exfoliate to yield individual graphene sheets. Here a mild, one‐step electrochemical approach for the preparation of ionic‐liquid‐functionalized graphite sheets with the assistance of an ionic liquid and water is presented. These ionic‐liquid‐treated graphite sheets can be exfoliated into functionalized graphene nanosheets that can not only be individuated and homogeneously distributed into polar aprotic solvents, but also need not be further deoxidized. Different types of ionic liquids and different ratios of the ionic liquid to water can influence the properties of the graphene nanosheets. Graphene nanosheet/polystyrene composites synthesized by a liquid‐phase blend route exhibit a percolation threshold of 0.1 vol % for room temperature electrical conductivity, and, at only 4.19 vol %, this composite has a conductivity of 13.84 S m−1, which is 3–15 times that of polystyrene composites filled with single‐walled carbon nanotubes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐Step Ionic‐Liquid‐Assisted Electrochemical Synthesis of Ionic‐Liquid‐Functionalized Graphene Sheets Directly from Graphite

Liu¹,

Luo²,

Wu³

et al. 2008

Adv Funct Materials

988

547

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show abstract

“…The high aspect ratio and the large surface area of GNPs are responsible for the much lower percolation threshold and better electrical conductivity of conducting polymer composites than micrometer-scale conventional reinforcements. [1,3] Conducting polymer composites have many potential applications in electromagnetic interference shielding for electronic devices and electrostatic dissipation, where high electrical conductivity of composites materials is the most critical requirement. Therefore, significant efforts have been directed towards improving the electrical conductivity of conducting composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Br treated graphite nanoplatelets for improved electrical conductivity of polymer composites

Vaisman

Marom

et al. 2007

Carbon

159

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The graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) were treated by vapor-phase bromination. The increase in weight and atomic concentration of Br indicated the bromine uptake. The intercalation of Br between graphene layers of GNP was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction result, showing an increase in the interlayer spacing from 3.342 Å to 3.361 Å. Two types of bonds between C and Br were introduced simultaneously, ionic and covalent bonds, both of them increased with bromination duration. The fraction of ionic bond reached the highest value by 3 h Br exposure, which corresponded to the highest electrical conductivity of GNP. Although the bromination treatment did not change the percolation threshold of composites, it increased the absolute value of electrical conductivity of composites when the filler content was higher than the percolation threshold.

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“…Their percolation threshold values are one order of magnitude lower than those of the conducting composites reinforced with conventional fillers, such as carbon black (with a percolation threshold about 3-15 wt% depending on the type of polymer matrix) and metallic powders (with a percolation threshold above 60 wt%), both of which have an aspect ratio of approximately one [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expanded graphite presents a loosely-bonded, porous and worm-like rod on a microscopic scale, which consists of nanoscopically parallel carbon sheets that are collapsed and/or Ultrasonication was found to be an effective way to exfoliate expanded graphite into GNPs while maintaining a very high aspect ratio [12]. A careful control of sonication parameters, including the duration, frequency and power, was critical to tailoring the geometry of the resultant GNPs and thus the corresponding electrical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites.…”

Section: Morphologies Of Expanded Graphite Gnp and Gnp/epoxy Nanocommentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and properties of UV/ozone treated graphite nanoplatelet/epoxy nanocomposites

Sham

Kim

et al. 2007

Composites Science and Technology

194

110

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The nanoscopic morphologies, thermo-mechanical, mechanical and electrical properties of graphite nanoplatelet (GNP)/epoxy nanocomposites were evaluated after UV/O 3 treatment of graphite. Composites containing uniformly distributed GNP reinforcements of well controlled exfoliation were prepared through the graphite intercalation compound (GIC) technique, graphite surface treatment and optimized ultrasonication process with the aid of solvent. The UV/O 3 treatment showed ameliorating effects on various properties of nanocomposites arising from the enhanced graphite-epoxy interfacial adhesion. The flexural moduli and strengths were higher after treatment for a given GNP content. The themo-mechanical properties, such as glass transition temperature and storage modulus, increased with increasing exposure duration before saturation after about 30 min of exposure. The electrical resistivity of treated nanocomposites decreased with increasing GNP content much faster than those containing untreated GNPs. The percolation thresholds of both nanocomposites with and without UV/O 3 treatment were similarly about 1 wt%, which is much lower than the values reported in the literature. The interparticle distances were predicted for different particle aspect ratios and volume fractions, and the comparison between the prediction and the experimental aspect ratio for a given percolation threshold indicates reasonable agreement.

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Performance of expanded graphite and expanded milled-graphite fillers in thermosetting resins

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

One‐Step Ionic‐Liquid‐Assisted Electrochemical Synthesis of Ionic‐Liquid‐Functionalized Graphene Sheets Directly from Graphite

One‐Step Ionic‐Liquid‐Assisted Electrochemical Synthesis of Ionic‐Liquid‐Functionalized Graphene Sheets Directly from Graphite

Br treated graphite nanoplatelets for improved electrical conductivity of polymer composites

Morphology and properties of UV/ozone treated graphite nanoplatelet/epoxy nanocomposites

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