Performance of Dairy Cows Fed Short Staple, Pima, and Cracked Pima Cottonseed and Feed Characteristics

Abstract

Compared with short staple cottonseed, Pima cottonseed was higher in CP, ether extract, and oleic acid and lower in NDF, ADF, and linoleic acid. Pima cottonseed had greater bulk density, but short staple cottonseed had stronger seed coat strength; Pima cottonseed contained more of the (-)-gossypol isomer than short staple cottonseed. Lactating Holstein cows were fed whole short staple cottonseed, whole Pima cottonseed, and cracked Pima cottonseed at 15% of dietary DM for 70 d after a pretrial covariate period. The DMI was not significantly different among treatments, but cows fed whole Pima tended to yield less milk than those fed short staple and less FCM than those fed cracked Pima. Feed efficiency was improved by processing Pima cottonseed. Milk fat content was higher for whole and cracked Pima than for short staple cottonseed; gross feed efficiency was greatest for cows fed cracked Pima cottonseed. Whole cottonseed in feces was highest for whole Pima, intermediate for short staple, and negligible for cracked Pima cottonseed. Concentrations of milk stearic acid were lower, and linoleic acid higher, for cows fed cracked Pima than for cows fed short staple cottonseed. Total tract digestibility of ADF was least on the cracked Pima cottonseed diet, and ether extract digestibility was higher on cracked than on whole Pima cottonseed diets.

The effect of heating and NaOH treatments on the nutritive value of nonlinted whole cottonseeds

“…The lower digestion of nonlinted than of linted WCS is apparently related to its higher density, leading to reduced mastication and favouring its passage from the rumen in an unaltered form. With cracked WCS, feed efficiency of dairy cows increased (Sullivan et al, 1993), though grinding Pima cottonseed may decrease microbial growth and net ruminal protein efficiency (Zinn, 1995). These findings emphasize the potential biological value of nonlinted WCS for ruminants.…”

“…In lactating dairy cows, about 11 % of consumed whole acid-delinted seeds are excreted in the faeces (Coppock et al, 1985). Similar proportions of naturally nonlinted WCS of the Pima variety have been found in the faeces of lactating dairy cows (Sullivan et al, 1993). The lower digestion of nonlinted than of linted WCS is apparently related to its higher density, leading to reduced mastication and favouring its passage from the rumen in an unaltered form.…”

Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms, Volume 4

“…Gossypium barbadense has more of the (-)-gossypol form (Sullivan et al, 1993b), which has greater biological activity. The isomers have different toxicity levels and the toxicity varies in different animals (Wang et al, 1987; Bailey et al, 2000;Lordelo et al, 2005Lordelo et al, , 2007.…”

“…The nearly naked seeds are thought to sink in the rumen and so be less masticated and digested (Coppock et al, 1985;Sullivan et al, 1993aSullivan et al, , 1993b Zinn, 1995;Solomon et al, 2005). To improve digestibility of G. barbadense seed it is often cracked prior to feeding even though this increases the exposure to gossypol.…”

“…In a natural setting, wind, water and birds may serve as dispersal agents (Stephens, 1958(Stephens, , 1966 HEPX, 2007). In an agricultural setting, greater dispersal of cottonseed generally may occur during transport (Addison et al, 2007), stock-feeding (Coppock et al, 1985;Sullivan et al, 1993aSullivan et al, , 1993b or adverse weather conditions, and rarely by animals (Smith, 1995). …”