Performance of crispy lettuce cultivars  in different soil covers

Vargas, Pablo Forlán; Zecchini, Amanda Chiarion; Soares, Renato Silva; Duarte, L.; Silva, Edgard Henrique Costa

doi:10.14295/cs.v8i4.1942

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…'Ridgeline' was taller, had a larger diameter, and had a greater dry weight than 'Coastal Star'. Vargas et al (2017) found no interactions between mulch and cultivar in romaine lettuce for characteristics like heart diameter, shank diameter, leaf height, and leaf width. Lee et al (2015) found a significant interaction between temperature and cultivar effects on yields of lettuce grown in high tunnels over eight seasons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Compost and Black Polyethylene Mulches Improve Spring Production of Romaine Lettuce in Southern New England

Gheshm

Brown

2020

hortte

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Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is the most popular leafy vegetable in the United States. Organic and synthetic mulch materials are applied by farmers to reduce their weeding expenditures, manage soil temperatures, and increase the yield and quality of their crops. This study examined the impacts of using black polyethylene, compost, and shredded leaves as surface mulches in spring open field romaine lettuce by using data regarding the soil temperature, lettuce growth, and yield parameters. Mulch treatments were compared to determine effects on soil temperature, lettuce growth rates, leaf area index (LAI), yield, and plant size. Experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2019. Soil temperatures were slightly (but significantly) warmer in 2019, the plants grew more rapidly, and LAI, yield, and plant size were all significantly greater than they were in 2017. Mean soil temperatures were 18.0 and 18.9 °C in black polyethylene mulched plots, 17.7 and 18.5 °C in compost, 17.5 and 17.0 °C in bare ground, and 16.9 and 17.3 °C in shredded leaf plots in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Changes in canopy size presented a similar trend over the growing season for all treatments; shredded leaf and bare ground treatments on all measuring dates had the smallest canopy size, and compost and black polyethylene mulches had the largest canopy sizes. Black polyethylene and compost mulches had the highest LAI and yields in both years. In 2017, the bare ground treatment was similar to black polyethylene and compost mulch treatments for both parameters, and all three treatments were significantly greater than the shredded leaf mulch treatment. In 2019, the bare ground treatment was similar to the shredded leaf mulch treatment and significantly lower than the black polyethylene and compost mulch treatments. In 2017, black polyethylene and compost mulches had LAI of 7.67 and 7.37 and yields of 6.38 and 6.68 kg·m−2, respectively. Bare ground had an LAI of 7.16 and yielded 5.94 kg·m−2. Shredded leaf mulch plots had the lowest LAI (5.94) and yield (4.96 kg·m−2). In 2019, the bare ground treatment had an LAI of 7.5 and yielded 7.6 kg·m−2. Black polyethylene and compost mulches increased LAI by 1.7. Yield increased by 2.8 kg·m−2 with black polyethylene mulch and by 2.4 kg·m−2 with compost mulch. Shredded leaf mulch produced LAI and yield similar to but slightly lower than bare ground. Dry weight, plant height, and head diameter in bare ground and shredded leaf mulch treatments were significantly smaller than in black polyethylene and compost mulch treatments. The cultivar rank order was consistent across treatments in both years; ‘Ridgeline’ grew significantly faster than ‘Coastal Star’, and plants were significantly larger at harvest. Black polyethylene suppresses weeds and increases soil temperatures, thereby enhancing yields of spring-to-summer romaine lettuce under southern New England conditions. Compost mulch has similar effects on yields. Shredded leaf mulch is effective at suppressing weeds but decreases soil temperatures and yields.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Compost and Black Polyethylene Mulches Improve Spring Production of Romaine Lettuce in Southern New England

Gheshm

Brown

2020

hortte

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“…Many studies have found that black plastic mulch increases soil temperatures (Lamont, 2005), and it is widely used to enhance the growth of heatloving crops. For crops such as head lettuce, which are vulnerable to heat stress, the white-on-black film is generally recommended to avoid harmful soil warming (Snyder et al, 2015;Vargas et al, 2018). However, Jenni et al (2003) found that infrared (IR) transmitting mulch increased yields over both bare ground and reflective mulch in spring-to-summer head lettuce in Ontario, Canada.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daily mean air temperatures above 28°C can cause bitterness, bolting, poor heading, and tip burn of lettuce (Turini et al, 2011;Whitaker et al, 1974), but damage can be prevented if temperatures in the root zone are near optimal (Jie and Kong, 1998). In warm and humid environments, the full expression of lettuce yield potential is not achievable (Vargas et al, 2018). In general, heading lettuces, such as crisphead, are more susceptible to both tip burn and frost injury than loose-leaf lettuces.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lettuce is typically grown on bare soil in New England, but adopting raised beds covered with plastic mulch would allow farmers to create beds in the fall for spring planting, avoiding delays from spring rains. Plastic mulches provide multiple benefits, including serving as a physical barrier against soil erosion, reducing water evaporation from the soil, buffering against temperature fluctuations, suppressing weeds, and improving foliage quality (Lamont, 2005;Vargas et al, 2018). Mulch films alter the flow of thermal energy between the air and the rhizosphere (Rosenberg et al, 1983;Tarara, 2000) By modifying the radiation budget, plastic mulches directly affect the rhizosphere microclimate.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Black and White Plastic Mulch on Soil Temperature and Yield of Crisphead Lettuce in Southern New England

Gheshm

Brown

2020

hortte

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Annually, Americans consume an average of 24.5 lb of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) per capita, more than half of which is head lettuce. This study examined the impacts of using black and white-on-black polyethylene mulches on three crisphead lettuce cultivars for spring production in the open field, with data collected on the soil temperature and lettuce yields. Black polyethylene, white-on-black polyethylene, and bare ground were compared for effects on soil temperature, lettuce yields, and lettuce head height and diameter. Mean soil temperatures at a 5 cm depth were 18.9 °C under black polyethylene, 17.7 °C under white-on-black polyethylene, and 17.1 °C in bare ground plots. Changes in the lettuce canopy size presented a similar trend over the growing season in all treatments. Both mulch type and cultivar significantly (P < 0.01) affected the canopy growth in head lettuce. Lettuce on black polyethylene mulch grew significantly (P < 0.01) faster than lettuce on white-on-black polyethylene or bare ground. However, the black and white-on-black mulches produced similar yields, averaging 5.76 and 5.71 kg·mˉ2, respectively. Meanwhile, bare ground plot yields were significantly (P < 0.01) lower at 4.57 kg·mˉ2. Cultivar rank order was consistent across treatments, and Crispino and Garmsir at 5.82 and 5.47 kg·mˉ2 fresh weight had significantly higher yields than Nevada at 4.75 kg·mˉ2 (P < 0.01).

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“…Os valores encontrados no atual experimento são próximos aos valores encontrados por outros autores (SILVEIRA et al, 2015;VARGAS et al 2017) (RICCARDI et al, 2014;YANG et al, 2015).…”

Section: Cultivaresunclassified

Biofortificação agronômica com zinco em cultivares de alface crespa

Graciano¹

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Performance of crispy lettuce cultivars in different soil covers

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Compost and Black Polyethylene Mulches Improve Spring Production of Romaine Lettuce in Southern New England

Compost and Black Polyethylene Mulches Improve Spring Production of Romaine Lettuce in Southern New England

The Effects of Black and White Plastic Mulch on Soil Temperature and Yield of Crisphead Lettuce in Southern New England

Biofortificação agronômica com zinco em cultivares de alface crespa

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