Performance of Citric Acid-Bonded Oriented Board from Modified Fibrovascular Bundle of Salacca (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) Frond

Abstract

The fibrovascular bundle (FVB) in palm plants consists of fiber and vascular tissue. Geometrically, it is a long fiber that can be used as an oriented board raw material. This research aimed to examine the performance of citric acid-bonded orientation boards from modified FVB salacca frond under NaOH + Na2SO3 treatment and the bonding mechanism between the modified FVB frond and citric acid. The results showed that changes in the chemical composition of FVB have a positive effect on the contact angle and increase the cellulose crystallinity index. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the oriented board showed that 1% NaOH + 0.2% Na2SO3 with 60 min immersion has a higher value compared to other treatments. The best dimension stability was on a board with the modified FVB of 1% NaOH + 0.2% Na2SO3 with 30 and 60 min immersion. The bonding mechanism evaluated by FTIR spectra also showed that there is a reaction between the hydroxyl group in the modified FVB and the carboxyl group in citric acid. This showed that the modified combination treatment of NaOH+Na2SO3 succeeded in increasing the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the orientation board from the FVB salacca frond.

Characterization of Indonesian Sugar Palm Bunch (Arenga longipes Mogea) Properties for Various Utilization Purposes

“…Furthermore, SPB of A. longipes, like other palm plants, contained FVB tissue, which mechanically had good tensile strength, Young's modulus values, and high cellulose crystallinity index. FVBs from monocot plants with good mechanical properties and high crystallinity index could be used as raw material for making excellent orientation boards [50]. The physical properties of FVBs of A. longipes SPB showed the presence of low-density materials.…”

Characterization and Application of Non-Formaldehyde Binder Based Citric Acid, Maleic Acid, and Molasses Adhesive for Plywood Composite

“…In 2012, a significant advancement emerged with the development of citric acid (CA) as a composite adhesive. Some of these developments include adhesive for molding [31][32][33], plywood [34][35][36][37], laminated veneer lumber [38], oriented strand board [39], composite plywood [40], and particleboard [24,41]. Notably, CA adhesive has gained widespread recognition and use in the domain of particleboard adhesives.…”