The mangrove ecosystem in Forest Managemen Unit - VII (FMU) Sumatera Utara is a natural forest. FMU has not managed and utilizes mangrove forests optimally. It can open up opportunities for illegal loggers and trigger damage to these natural ecosystems. This condition requires prevention and mitigation so that severe damage to mangrove forests does not occur. This study aims to determine the relationship between vegetation index and mangrove density in the field and map the mangrove density distribution based on the image vegetation index value. The density distribution mapping was carried out by compiling a vegetation density estimator model NDVI, GNDVI, and TVI as independent variables. Correlation test and regression analysis between the vegetation index value (NDVI, GNDVI, and TVI) to the number of trees per unit area. The distribution model for the density of mangrove stands was chosen based on the coefficient of determination (R2). The study resulted from NDVI selected as the vegetation index used to map the distribution of mangrove density with a Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of 0.738. The selected model is Y = 2.48e2.8667x, which is an exponential equation with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 61.3%. Based on this model, the distribution of mangrove density has the lowest density reaching 400, and the highest density is 2,200 trees per hectare
This research presents the anatomical, chemical, and mechanical properties of fibro-vascular bundles (FVBs) from two species of Salacca (snake fruit) frond: Salaccca sumatrana Becc. and Salacca zalacca Gaert (Voss). The anatomical properties were observed in the cross-section by light microscopy and digital microscopy. The anatomical observation focused on the location of the inner and outer vascular system. In the chemical analysis, FVBs were characterized for cellulose, hemicellulose, Klason lignin, and extractive content. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus were investigated, and the structural implications were considered. The FVBs from salacca frond contained vascular tissue in the cross section had new and different vascular type. Generally, the vascular tissue has a wider area than the sclerenchyma tissue. The FVBs of S. sumatrana and S. zalacca contained 41.75 and 44.60 wt% cellulose, 31.36 and 36.39 wt% hemicellulose, and 27.90 and 33.00 wt% lignin, respectively. The hot water solubility and ethanol-toluene solubility of FVBs of S. sumatrana and S. zalacca showed that extractive content were 2.96 wt% and 5.55 wt%; 18.54 wt% and 25.00 wt.%, respectively. As the diameter of FVBs increased, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus decreased. Increased FVB density will directly increase tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Based on the result, it was concluded that the FVBs of salacca type had significantly different properties compared to other palms’ FVBs, and this study confirmed the correlation between the physical and mechanical properties of the FVBs from salacca frond.
Abstract. Hakim L, Widyorini R, Nugroho WD, Prayitno TA. 2021. Radial variability of fibrovascular bundle properties of salacca (Salacca zalacca) fronds cultivated on Turi Agrotourism in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3594-3603. Fibrovascular bundles have properties variability not only based on species and varieties but also parts of species. This study, therefore, aims to characterize the FVB fundamental properties (anatomical, chemical, physical and mechanical) of Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss fronds, based on radial direction. The salacca fronds were divided into three parts, outer, middle as well as inner positions. Then the FVB's anatomical and physical properties were observed by light microscope and gravimetry analysis, respectively. Meanwhile, the variability of chemical and mechanical properties was investigated based on the ASTM standard. According to the results, the outer position has a higher variability of diameter, density, cellulose, lignin, and mechanical properties than the inner position, but has a lower hemicellulose value than the middle and inner position. Furthermore, the relationships between the anatomical, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties were discovered to form a pattern where increasing the mechanical properties is influenced by density and ratio vascular tissue area to total transverse area. Based on the results, the fibrovascular bundle of S. zalacca frond was concluded to possess anatomical, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties variability on the radial direction. There was a correlation between anatomical properties and mechanical properties.
AbstrakPenelitian pemanfaatan sludge sebagai bahan baku pembuatan papan serat berkerapatan sedang atau medium density fibreboard (MDF) berguna untuk menciptakan nilai tambah dari sludge. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi sifat fisis, mekanik, dan ketahanan MDF dari sludge terasetilasi dengan 4 macam konsentrasi asetat anhidrida (0%, 3%, 5% dan 7%) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Pembuatan MDF dilakukan dengan proses kering. Setelah bahan baku dicampur perekat, dilakukan pengempaan dengan menggunakan kempa panas dengan suhu AbstractMedium Density Fibreboard Made of Acetylated Sludge from Paper Mill. Research of using sludge as raw material for making medium density fibreboard (MDF) was useful to create additional value of sludge. The objective of the research was to evaluate physical properties, mechanical properties, and durability of MDF from acetylated sludge in 4 levels of acetate anhydride (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) with 3 replicates. The MDF was made using dry process. After materials were mixed with adhesives, they were pressed using hotpress under 170 o C temperature and 45 Pa pressure for 25 minutes. The size of the MDF sample was 25 cm x 20 cm x 1 cm with 0.8 g/cm 3 density. The physical properties (density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling) and mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond, screw holding power) was tested based on JIS A 5905-2003 standard. The durability was evaluated using SNI 01-7207-2006. All physical properties of MDF fulfill JIS A 5905-2003. Acetate anhydride decreased the moisture content value of MDF. On the other hand, all mechanical properties did not fulfill the standard. That was caused by calcium carbonate in sludge that blocked the adhesion between sludge fibres. The durability of MDF tested here was classified Class I which is very resistant to termites.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.