Performance of ‘Chambourcin’ Winegrape on Nematode-resistant Rootstocks in Missouri

Abstract

One of the most popular winegrapes (Vitis sp.) for red wine production in the midwestern United States is ‘Chambourcin’, a French-American hybrid. It is typically produced on own-rooted vines in the region, but the potential benefits of grafting it to improved rootstocks are becoming better-known. Nematodes present occasional serious winegrape production challenges in the midwestern United States, and are capable of transmitting pathogenic viruses. New rootstocks developed by University of California, Davis (UCD GRN series) are resistant to several species and races of nematodes, but have not been evaluated under midwestern U.S. production conditions. A study with ‘Chambourcin’ grafted to four of these new nematode-resistant rootstocks (‘UCD GRN-2’, ‘UCD GRN-3’, ‘UCD GRN-4’, and ‘UCD GRN-5’) and ‘Couderc 3309’, along with own-rooted vines was established in 2010 in southwest Missouri, and fruited in 2013–15. Three of the nematode-resistant rootstocks (GRN-2, 3, 4) performed as well as the standard ‘Couderc 3309’ and own-rooted vines, with yields among all rootstocks ranging from 10 to 13 kg/vine. The rootstock ‘UCD GRN-5’ generally performed poorly, however, manifested by low pruning weights and a high Ravaz index value (25) in 2013 that necessitated defruiting the vines in 2014. Fruit yields on ‘UCD GRN-5’ rootstocks were satisfactory in 2013 and 2015, but the vines eventually deteriorated, with 99% shootless nodes by 2017. Although more evaluations of these new rootstocks are needed in the midwestern United States, we conclude that ‘UCD GRN-2’, ‘UCD GRN-3’, and ‘UCD GRN-4’ show promise, whereas ‘UCD GRN-5’ does not appear suitable for growing conditions in southern Missouri.

Hybrid Grapes for a Sustainable Viticulture in South Italy: Parentage Diagram Analysis and Metal Assessment in a Homemade Wine of Chambourcin Cultivar

“…Not less importantly, the high content of V. berlandieri and V. rupestris ancestries in its parentage, considering the high resistance of these American vines to Phylloxera vastatrix (Table 2), suggests that Chambourcin can be produced on own-rooted vines, even though the potential benefits of grafting it to improved rootstocks is well recognized [38,39]. In this regard, it should be noticed that the yield (11.6 kg grape/vine), in the case of ownrooted Chambourcin vines, was reported to be comparable to that recorded for grafted vines [40]. Therefore, viticulture, thanks to hybrid grapes like Chambourcin, could become more sustainable not only from an environmental point of view (avoiding chemicals accumulation in soil) but also considering a merely economic perspective, as it does not necessarily require grafted vines.…”

“…Moreover, when grapevines are grafted to a rootstock, that is typically a vine resistant to Phylloxera vastatrix but not a productive variety, and the vine is damaged (during particularly cold winters or following fires-very common in South Italy-or other destructive events) below the graft union, the rootstock and not the desired grape cultivar will send up new growth the next year. Conversely, if a grapevine is planted on its own roots, as can be done with the Chambourcin [40], and killed to the ground level, the next year the desired cultivar will reappear and the vineyard can be back in production soon [41].…”

Performance of ‘Chambourcin’ Winegrape on 10 Different Root Systems in Southern Missouri, USA

“…Soil pH was evaluated midstudy (June 2013), and indicated an excellent pH of 6.3. Significant additional details on climate, vineyard establishment, pest management, soil fertility management, and irrigation are outlined in Thomas et al (2017Thomas et al ( , 2020.…”

“…It is a complex interspecific French-American hybrid based on Seibel hybrids, released in 1963 (Robinson et al 2012;University of California, Davis 2020). Despite having sufficient phylloxera tolerance to survive own-rooted, it is sometimes grafted with the assumption that growth and quality parameters are improved (Thomas et al 2020(Thomas et al , 2017. Because the effects of particular rootstocks on different winegrape cultivar production and quality across diverse environments have not been widely tested, it is important to understand the scion cultivar-rootstock-environment interaction (Santiago et al 2007).…”