Performance Improvement of Cleaning Formulations for the Exterior Surface of High‐Speed Trains

Abstract

With the development of high-speed railways, there is an increasing demand for high-efficiency and environmentally friendly high-speed rail exterior surface cleaning agents. Based on emulsification experiment, contact angle experiment, solvent solubility experiment, and decontamination effect, this article provides the initial formulation for basic high-speed rail surface cleaner and a variety of improved formulations for special environments. The initial formulation uses cetostearyl alcohol ethoxylate C 16-18-EO 10 (O-10) and 2-propyl-1-heptano ethoxylate i-C 10-EO 5 (XP-50) as surfactants, dipropylene glycol butyl ether as solvent, citric acid as chelating agent, benzotriazole (BTA), sodium benzoate (SB), and triethanolamine (TEOA) as corrosion inhibitors. Then it is confirmed that adding 3% sodium percarbonate to the initial formula can effectively clean stubborn dirt. Increasing the BTA mass fraction to 3%, TEOA to 12%, add linoleic acid 2%, aluminum corrosion inhibitor (CIA) 3%, and Antirust 316 3%, can significantly improve the high-temperature corrosionresistant detergent. Controlling BTA concentration not exceed than 0.5%, and adding an appropriate amount of hydrotrope (such as sodium xylenesulfonate), can ensure that the detergent will not delaminate within 6 h at 60 C, which effectively prolong its high temperature stability. The performance test results show that both initial formula and the improved formula meet the basic requirements, but the improved formula shows better performance in terms of cleaning ability, high-temperature corrosion resistance or high-temperature stability.

Formulation improvement of a concentrated enzyme detergent for high-speed rail trains through life cycle assessment methodology

“…The cleaning and maintenance of high-end equipment such as HSR is a comprehensive task. HSR dirt includes heavy dirt on locomotives, dirt on train interiors and floors, dirt on toilets, dirt on air conditioners, dirt on electrical equipment, and so on (Zhang et al, 2021 ). The variety of pollution sources and complex structure determine the diversity and complexity of the cleaning agent.…”

Benefits of using nonionic saccharide surfactant‐based detergents for nanostructured fluids as stubborn graffiti paint remover

“…As of right now, the most important thing to focus on is applying a sustainable approach to the eco‐design of professional goods, with a particular emphasis on the principles of green chemistry. Therefore, the formulation selection criteria should take into account the following: the necessity of using biodegradable raw materials, which are produced from renewable resources and are not subject to accumulation in the environment, a high efficiency of cleaning the surface from graffiti while preserving all of its functional properties, and product safety (Bartman et al, 2021; Zhang et al, 2021). In addition, the formulation should be easy to manufacture and use.…”

Wettability of Graffiti Coatings by Green Nanostructured Fluids

“…[4,5] The effectiveness of nanodetergents in removing graffiti coatings relies on their ability to spread and permeate the painted surface, ultimately reaching the original substrate. [1,6,7] Understanding the spreading dynamics of nanodetergents and their interactions with graffiti coatings is essential for developing optimal cleaning strategies. [8][9][10] In particular, the wettability of the surface plays a critical role in determining the efficacy of nanodetergents and their ability to remove undesired graffiti.…”

“…Among these green nanostructured fluids, the “brush on, wipe off” approach utilizing water‐in‐oil nanoemulsions has shown a great potential for removing stubborn graffiti coatings [4,5] . The effectiveness of nanodetergents in removing graffiti coatings relies on their ability to spread and permeate the painted surface, ultimately reaching the original substrate [1,6,7] . Understanding the spreading dynamics of nanodetergents and their interactions with graffiti coatings is essential for developing optimal cleaning strategies [8–10] .…”