Performance evaluation of various cooling-lubrication techniques in grinding of hardened AISI 4340 steel with vitrified bonded CBN wheel

Damasceno, Ricardo Fernando; Ruzzi, Rodrigo de Souza; França, Thiago Valle; Mello, Hamilton José de; Silva, Rosemar Batista da; Aguiar, Paulo Roberto de; Bianchi, Eduardo Carlos

doi:10.1007/s00170-017-0434-7

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the literature sources [73][74][75], can often be found a description of a lubrication method with minimum CLF output as a very important alternative to dry grinding. Even a small amount of CLF entering the contact zone between the GWAS and the workpiece can have a positive effect on the grinding process efficiency [76][77][78][79][80][81][82].…”

Section: Minimum Quantity Lubrication (Mql)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The air-oil aerosol covers the GWAS and the workpiece surface, cooling down and applying a lubricating film of oil on the workpiece surface. This allows to reduce the friction force between the abrasive grains and the workpiece surface as well as to reduce the grinding force F c and the amount of heat generated [75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92].…”

Section: Minimum Quantity Lubrication (Mql)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modern Approach to Delivery Coolants, Lubricants and Antiadhesives in the Environmentally Friendly Grinding Processes

Nadolny

Kieraś

Sutowski

2020

Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech.

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Control of thermal conditions in the grinding zone is possible through effective delivery of substances with cooling, lubricating and antiadhesive properties during the machining process. In addition to the benefits of coolants, however, a number of economic and ecological problems arise, which include the costs of purchase, use and maintenance as well as the environmental impact of its disposal. These negative aspects of the use of cooling and lubricating liquids have contributed to the modern trend of minimizing their output in machining processes, including grinding. This article presents comprehensive characteristics of knowledge in the field of liquids, gases and solids with cooling, lubricating and antiadhesive properties. The author’s original classification of cooling and lubricating agents by their physical state was proposed and a complete list of known modern environmentally friendly methods of cooling and lubrication of the grinding zone was presented. In order to highlight their beneficial features, the background of conventional methods of delivery coolants, lubricants and antiadhesives to the grinding zone used for years were also characterised. A comprehensive list of all known methods of cooling and lubrication of the grinding zone classified according to the physical state of the delivered medium with a clear separation of hybrid methods consisting in simultaneous delivery of many cooling and lubricating agents was described in the summary. The article concludes with the characteristics of directions of further development in the field of cooling and lubrication of the grinding zone.

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Section: Minimum Quantity Lubrication (Mql)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Minimum Quantity Lubrication (Mql)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Approach to Delivery Coolants, Lubricants and Antiadhesives in the Environmentally Friendly Grinding Processes

Nadolny

Kieraś

Sutowski

2020

Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech.

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“…Moreover, the material used (AISI 1020) is a soft steel and does not influence wheel wear. Reliable results using this method were obtained in [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The obtained results also demonstrated that the application of MQL combined with a cleaning jet corresponds to a viable alternative to the use of conventional flood cooling. By applying MQL without such improvement, however, Damasceno et al [21] obtained high roughness values after grinding a hardened steel with a CBN grinding wheel, due to wheel clogging. With low depths of cut, some oil could reach the cutting region and reduce wheel wear, but at higher depths, larger chips were produced, increasing clogging, friction, and diametral wheel wear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of minimum quantity lubrication with addition of water in the grinding of alumina

Lopes

Ventura

Rodriguez

et al. 2018

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Among the alternatives to reduce the application of cutting fluid in machining industry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique has been promising, although it can impair cooling properties and the ability of the fluid to penetrate the cutting region. In order to further reduce the quantity of oil and to improve the characteristics of the cooling lubrication method, this work aims to compare the effect of MQL with different ratios of oil/water (1:1, 1:3, and 1:5) on the performance of plunge cylindrical grinding of alumina. Lubricating effect and effective penetration of fluid in the cutting zone are considered the most relevant factors. The lowest surface roughness value was obtained with the application of conventional flood cooling, followed by MQL 1:1. In comparison to conventional MQL technique, reduced surface roughness and grinding wheel wear could be obtained by applying MQL with water.

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“…However, it has been reported in the literature some limitations of the MQL technique specially in grinding, mainly in terms of the difficulty in evacuation of chips from the cutting zone as well as the formation of a slurry composed of chip and loose abrasives from the grinding wheel and coolant. This sludge usually leads to clogging of the grinding wheel and adversely affects the grinding process [13]. Aiming to overcome this problem, Alves et al [14] conduced experimental tests using an auxiliary compressed air system for cleaning up the grinding wheel surface during the cylindrical plunge grinding of the same workpiece material and using the same type of grinding wheel tested by Bianchi and Aguiar [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of surface and sub-surface integrities of a mold steel under different grinding conditions

Guimarães

Silva

Ruzzi

et al. 2019

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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In a context where there is a continuous search for more environmentally friendly machining processes (for example, the implementation of the minimum quantity of lubrication-MQL-cooling-lubrication technique) and the constant concern with the high heat generation during the grinding process, there is still a lack of information about grinding of steel for molds and dies. Thus, the present work sought to evaluate the performance of tangential surface grinding of a steel for plastic injection molds, testing by two types of conventional abrasives (green silicon carbide and white aluminum oxide) under three different equivalent chip thicknesses. The performance of the MQL cooling-lubrication technique compared to the conventional one (flood coolant) was also evaluated. The output parameters to assess the surface integrity were the surface roughness (R a parameter), residual stresses and SEM images of the ground surfaces, as well as microhardness below the machined surface. The results shown that both conventional abrasives types have potential to be used in grinding of this steel, once low surface finish values (R a < 0.2 μm) and workpieces free of damages were fabricated. Silicon carbide (SiC) grinding wheel in general outperformed the aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3) one in terms of surface roughness after machining under severest conditions (R a < 0.35 μm). Residual stresses were predominantly compressive irrespective of the cooling-lubrication technique and type of abrasive employed. Despite lower surface roughness and compressive residual stresses generated after grinding with the Al 2 O 3 grinding wheel, drop in hardness below the machined surface was observed, unlike when machining with SiC grinding wheel. MQL technique proved to be more effective than conventional coolant technique under the conditions investigated, irrespective of the grinding wheel used, and in some situations, it outperformed the conventional technique.

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Performance evaluation of various cooling-lubrication techniques in grinding of hardened AISI 4340 steel with vitrified bonded CBN wheel

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Modern Approach to Delivery Coolants, Lubricants and Antiadhesives in the Environmentally Friendly Grinding Processes

Modern Approach to Delivery Coolants, Lubricants and Antiadhesives in the Environmentally Friendly Grinding Processes

Application of minimum quantity lubrication with addition of water in the grinding of alumina

Evaluation of surface and sub-surface integrities of a mold steel under different grinding conditions

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