Modern Approach to Delivery Coolants, Lubricants and Antiadhesives in the Environmentally Friendly Grinding Processes

Abstract

Control of thermal conditions in the grinding zone is possible through effective delivery of substances with cooling, lubricating and antiadhesive properties during the machining process. In addition to the benefits of coolants, however, a number of economic and ecological problems arise, which include the costs of purchase, use and maintenance as well as the environmental impact of its disposal. These negative aspects of the use of cooling and lubricating liquids have contributed to the modern trend of minimizing their output in machining processes, including grinding. This article presents comprehensive characteristics of knowledge in the field of liquids, gases and solids with cooling, lubricating and antiadhesive properties. The author’s original classification of cooling and lubricating agents by their physical state was proposed and a complete list of known modern environmentally friendly methods of cooling and lubrication of the grinding zone was presented. In order to highlight their beneficial features, the background of conventional methods of delivery coolants, lubricants and antiadhesives to the grinding zone used for years were also characterised. A comprehensive list of all known methods of cooling and lubrication of the grinding zone classified according to the physical state of the delivered medium with a clear separation of hybrid methods consisting in simultaneous delivery of many cooling and lubricating agents was described in the summary. The article concludes with the characteristics of directions of further development in the field of cooling and lubrication of the grinding zone.

Investigation of the influence of cooling lubricants on workpiece topography

“…This temporary widening itself ultimately leads to greater material removal over the entire scratch. This is also consistent with the findings of Nie et al [12] that lubrication in general and specifically higher viscosity oils are used to produce a better surface finish. Figure 6 shows the influence of different scratching speeds for the conditions unlubricated, reference oil FVA2 and reference oil FVA3.…”

“…Therefore, both the lower ratios d/t of the two reference oils compared to those of the unlubricated ones and the conspicuously lower value for the reference oil FVA3 can be aligned with practical experience. According to Nadolny et al [12], low-viscosity cooling lubricants are primarily used for the removal of high temperatures, while cooling lubricants or oils with high viscosities are used to yield a better surface finish. The lower ratio d/t when using the reference oil FVA3 also represents a reduction in the scratch width.…”

Turning of steels under various cooling and lubrication techniques: a review of literature, sustainability aspects, and future scope

“…The thermal management of the machining process through developing new cooling and/or lubrication techniques and temperature conditioning is considered to be a very active, novel, and emerging area for R&D. Further, the government regulations and legislations to the environmental and health consequences of industrial activities as well the growing awareness in society is pushing the industrialists to increase the sustainability level of industry in every aspect. The conventional cooling and/or lubrication methods and conventional coolants and/or lubricants are concluded as one of the major non-sustainable elements in the machining process [63,64]. Thus, in this study, prime focus has been made on the existing cutting fluids and their application method to review the most recent research work.…”

Evaluation of the Influence of the Cooling Method Used During Grinding on the Operating Properties of Ceramic Grinding Wheels Made with Different Abrasives

“…This applies both to their types and methods of delivery into the machining zone. In this regard, research work has been carried out for years on minimizing the expense of coolants by using the MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) method [9,10,11]. In this method, which involves the continuous generation of an oil mist and feeding it directly into the grinding zone, synthetic esters or fatty alcohols are most often used as a lubricant, and for some time, mainly for environmental reasons, vegetable oils have also been used [12,13,14].…”