Turning of steels under various cooling and lubrication techniques: a review of literature, sustainability aspects, and future scope

Abstract

In this review work, various conventional cutting fluids and their application methods have been discussed, which serve different functions such as cooling, lubrication, cleaning, and corrosion protection during the machining process. According to the available research, issues associated with the conventional ones have beenidentified concerning sustainability metrics, i.e., economic, environmental, and social dimensions. These issues necessitated shifting toward sustainable alternatives. All such alternatives have been reviewed thoroughly, which are presently practiced in the machining of steels as a workpiece. It can be concluded that these sustainable methods, i.e., dry cutting, minimum quantity cooling and lubrication, cryogenic lubricant, gas-based coolant, solid lubricant, etc, provide better machinability performance as compared to conventional ones. However, there is a need oftrade-off analysis between cost-effectiveness and sustainability for various combinations of cutting fluids and their application methods. The last section summarizes the review study and recommends prospects based on the demands and challenges ahead. Further, it can be concluded that knowledge of the cutting fluid types and their application methods with detailed efficiency and energy consumption models are critically important to make them commercially viable.

Evaluation of machinability performance of T51603 using response surface methodology and grey relational analysis

“…The influence of S s and C fr is shown in Figure 14. Runs (8,13), (18,28), and (23,26) clearly show the effect of C fr . In the afore mentioned experimental runs, it was found that coolant behaviour varied according to how many other parameters were combined.…”

“…A detailed review [23] was carried out on cutting fluids and their methods of application during various machining operations. The review also consolidated issues associated with conventional and concerned sustainability metrics.…”

Enhancing high-speed CNC milling performance of Ti6Al4V alloy through the application of ZnO-Ag hybrid nanofluids

“…The MQL, a sustainable solution, introduces bio-lubricants at minimal flow rates into the tool/workpiece interface using high-pressure airflow. MQL has garnered attention for its cost-effectiveness, environmental benefits, and enhanced safety [13,14]. Research demonstrates its ability to improve surface quality, reduce tool wear, and extend tool life in various machining processes, such as turning, milling, and grinding, across diverse materials.…”

Effects of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Friction and Wear of EN24 Steel Against Alumina Under Dry and Lubrication Conditions

“…It is necessary to use lubricating oils for the lower wear and longer service life of steel since lubricating oils can effectively reduce the friction and wear of rubbing surfaces [18,19]. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of the tribological behaviour of DeepCryoTreat-EN24 steel under lubrication condition is also important to be successfully applied in mechanical components.…”