A time transfer link calibration using a GPS traveling receiver is considered as a preferable economic choice for NIM having TWSTFT started. Some specific modifications and improvements of the method for a homemade Traveling receiver are proposed as well as the improved methods for some related measurements for lower uncertainty. Some link calibration results were obtained.
MotivationIn order to contribute to the realization of TAI (Temps Atomique International), a calibration of the TWSTFT (Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer) link between NIM and PTB is mandatory. At present, there are several kinds of methods for link calibration of TWSTFT. Nevertheless, for TWSTFT link calibration between Asia and Europe, only the methods such as by two TWSTFT portable stations together with two GPS (Global Positioning System) traveling receivers (TRs) [1] and by a GPS traveling receiver (TR) [2] can be considered. Because portable TWSTFT stations are hardly available and the method by GPS costs much less, we are motivated to implement the link calibration using GPS preferably that is demonstrated in the link calibration between ROA and PTB [2] and in the link calibration between PTB and METAS [3] . For the link calibration using GPS, one GPS traveling receiver need be used to do CCD (Common Clock Difference) experiments at two timing labs. Two self-developed NIM GPS receivers (IMEU, a Javad E_GGD board with JNSMARANT_GGD antenna and IMNV, a NovAtel OEMV3 board with 702GG antenna) for time transfer are available as TR.Study on the link calibration using the two receivers would be necessary.
Concept of the link calibration by GPSIn this link calibration method [2,3] , firstly we do the CCD experiment with TR (including an antenna and an antenna cable) and the GPS receiver R1 that is used for time transfer at timing lab 1 in this link, both receivers are referenced to UTC(k1) and C1 is got.Likewise do we at timing lab 2 with TR and R2 both referenced to UTC(k2) and C2 is got. Meanwhile, the difference RDD between the reference delays R1 and R2 of TR separately at the different timing labs should be taken into account. Immediately after those the same CCD experiment at timing lab 1 as before that is called closure experiment would be done to verify the stability of the TR internal delay, and the instability will be added into the uncertainty evaluation. Figure 1 illustrates the concept. Supposed there is not any other change except the reference delay, the calibration value can be calculated from Equation (1) and (2).