Performance evaluation of industrial by-products as sustainable practice against the exploitation of virgin materials

Abstract

The rise in population and competitiveness among growing economies to stamp their superiority are some of the prime reasons for natural materials to disappear rapidly. This research involves the utilization of industrial by-products, namely rice husk ash (RHA), fly ash (FA), palm oil fuel ash (POFA), palm oil clinker powder (POCP), oil palm shell (OPS), and palm oil clinker (POC) as alternatives in the development of both conventional and geopolymer concretes; notably, OPS was used as whole replacement for conventional crushed granite aggregate in the development of impact and blast resistant concrete. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses were used to characterize the microstructure of concrete. The results showed that incorporation of RHA, POFA and POCP up to 30% minimizes concrete deterioration and loss in compressive strength; OPS concrete with its ductile property proved its impact and blast resistant characteristics.

Utilization of Palm Oil Mill Residue as Sustainable Pavement Materials: A Review

“…McLellan et al [95] observed similar research result that geo-polymer like POFA and POCP technology in concrete would minimize 44-64% of CO2-e [94]. By using these industrial by-products in concrete, more than 50 percent of CO2-e can be reduced [37]. Table 6 indicates that the CO2-e emission of palm oil residue material compared to conventional OPC is much lower.…”