Performance evaluation of conventional and water saving taps

Fidar, A.; Memon, Fayyaz Ali; Butler, David

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.024

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…System changes will influence user preferences and may induce behavioral changes, which may affect the benefits of the implemented water efficient measures. For instance, Fidar et al (2016) found that low discharge taps resulted in an increase in water consumption when compared to conventional taps, indicating that the event duration is more relevant to water consumption than the nominal flow rate. Therefore, understanding the determinants influencing water consumption when introducing changes requires the measurement / monitoring of the system performance to enable the efficient planning and operation of water resources through effective policies and adjusted investments (Vieira et al 2007;Makropoulos et al 2008;Fidar et al 2010;Carragher et al 2012;Cole and Stewart 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

User preferences and water use savings owing to washbasin taps retrofit: a case study of the DECivil building of the University of Aveiro

Meireles

Sousa

Adeyeye

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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During the last decades, achieving water efficiency in buildings has increasingly become an important challenge in the scope of sustainability. Water consumption is directly related to individual conduct. Despite the various technological improvements in fixtures and appliances, their performance will be influenced by human preferences and behavior. As a result, the potential for effective water consumption saving is influenced by behavior change as well as water-efficient fixtures and appliances. This work evaluates the impact of user preferences and behavior change on the water-efficient performance of tap aerators in a case study building: the Department of Civil Engineering building of the University of Aveiro, Portugal. Four aerators with different discharge reductions and types were installed in the toilet's washbasins and the user's preferences and behavior change measured through direct and online questionnaires. It was observed that the effective water consumption reduction (15 to 49%) was less than the discharge reduction (30 to 70%), confirming that user factors influence water savings. Water use reductions in the tested range (2.0 to 6.7 l/min) also varied according to gender, with male users using less water than their female counterparts. It was noted that an awareness of sustainability values prevailed amongst the users when confronted with the choice between comfort and water efficiency, although differences were observed in the user preferences regarding the various aerators. When confronted with the information that the lower discharge aerator would contribute to a reduction of about 70% on the water discharge, 25% of the users agreed with its use, even if it resulted in a certain degree of dissatisfaction. In comparison, only 8% of the users completely disagreed with its installation. On average, the water consumption reduction was 46% smaller than the discharge reduction achievable with the aerator alone. This further confirms the user factors inform the degree of water savings that is achievable from water-efficient fittings and fixtures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

User preferences and water use savings owing to washbasin taps retrofit: a case study of the DECivil building of the University of Aveiro

Meireles

Sousa

Adeyeye

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Over the past few years, a lot of attention has been paid to water-saving issues. Fidar et al [13] attempted to evaluate the performance of conventional and electronic mixing valves. The authors claim that faucets with a lower water flow rate can reduce water consumption per person.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, lower water consumption in a household is associated with a reduction in the energy required for water abstraction, processing in a wastewater treatment plant, pumping and heating in the home. In addition, it also significantly reduces the cost of wastewater treatment at the treatment plant [13]. Willis et al [14] stressed the need to ensure the sustainable urban water consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of different water efficiency ratings of taps and mixers on energy and water consumption in buildings

Englart

Jedlikowski

2019

SN Appl. Sci.

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This paper analyses two different models (methods) used for determination of water consumption in residential buildings. For this purpose, some basic sanitation facilities were implemented in the models as typical household equipment. As there is a big variety of sanitary solutions available, in order to achieve a significant reduction in water consumption, a novel classification of faucets (taps and mixers) is proposed. This classification also allows for the assessment of energy efficiency ratings of sanitary appliances. On the basis of this classification, water savings resulting from the use of faucets with different water efficiency ratios were determined. Depending on the type of faucet, it is possible to achieve more than 50% water savings, as well as a significant reduction in energy demand for heating and pumping water to customers. The paper also discusses the equations used to determine the energy demand for domestic hot-water preparation and its pumping to consumers. The results of the energy consumption calculations for the above-mentioned purposes were determined per person.

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“…O consumo diário de água em uma torneira é função da frequência de uso, da duração dos acionamentos e da sua vazão. A frequência de uso e a duração do acionamento dependem fundamentalmente do comportamento dos usuários, enquanto a vazão é determinada pela tecnologia do equipamento e por algumas características físicas do sistema hidráulico, como a pressão no ponto de utilização BUTLER, 2016). No caso das torneiras convencionais, os usuários controlam a duração do acionamento e a vazão do equipamento, que varia conforme a abertura da válvula da torneira.…”

Section: Revisão Bibliográficaunclassified

Análise comparativa entre torneira convencional e torneira de funcionamento hidromecânico instaladas em um campus universitário

2019

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Resumo Quando se trata de uso racional da água, a substituição de equipamentos hidrossanitários convencionais por economizadores de água é uma prática comum nas edificações de uso público. Neste artigo é apresentada uma comparação entre duas torneiras de lavatório, uma convencional com registro de pressão e outra de funcionamento hidromecânico, instaladas em um campus universitário. Foram comparados consumo de água, número de acionamentos e consumo por acionamento das torneiras utilizando técnicas estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Os dados foram coletados a partir de sensores de fluxo instalados nas ligações flexíveis das torneiras. As médias dos dados diários de consumo de água e de volume por acionamento da torneira convencional foram cerca de três vezes maiores do que as médias diárias da torneira de funcionamento hidromecânico. A aplicação do teste de Mann-Whitney permitiu inferir que não havia preferência dos usuários por utilizar um dos modelos de torneira. Durante a coleta de dados, a torneira convencional apresentou indícios de desperdícios decorrentes do mau fechamento da sua válvula e do uso excessivo de água pelos usuários. Assim, constatou-se que, neste estudo, a torneira de funcionamento hidromecânico apresentou menor consumo de água, além de evitar perdas em função do mau uso do equipamento.

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Performance evaluation of conventional and water saving taps

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

User preferences and water use savings owing to washbasin taps retrofit: a case study of the DECivil building of the University of Aveiro

User preferences and water use savings owing to washbasin taps retrofit: a case study of the DECivil building of the University of Aveiro

The influence of different water efficiency ratings of taps and mixers on energy and water consumption in buildings

Análise comparativa entre torneira convencional e torneira de funcionamento hidromecânico instaladas em um campus universitário

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