Performance Evaluation of Conductive-Paper Dipole Antennas

Effect of conductivity on subdermal antennas

“…Whether the antennas were in air or in contact with muscle, as the conductivity or skin depth of the antenna material is reduced the resonant frequency is lowered, the S 11 degrades, and the bandwidth is increased, similar to results previously reported for other types of antennas in air in . A minimum conductivity of 10 3 S/m could provide sufficient antennas for some applications.…”

“…Figure shows that as the conductivity or skin depth is reduced the resonant frequency is lowered, the S 11 degrades, and the bandwidth is increased. Increased bandwidth for low conductivity dipoles was also seen in, and lower conductivity limit of 500 S/m for RFID dipole antennas at 915 MHz was predicted in . Notably, the PELCO antenna (1 × 10 5 S/m) has a deeper S 11 than gold nanocomposite (7.9 × 10 5 S/m), mainly due to its greater thickness.…”

Paper in Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices

“…With multiple personal portable devices becoming a vital part of our everyday life, finding a way to make light, flexible, foldable, and cost‐effective antennas for communication has become another major technological opportunity. In this regard, antennas fabricated on paper‐based substrates offer boundless potential to satisfy the recent technology trends.…”

Electrical characterization and microwave application of polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotube-based carbon fibers

“…Carbon-based conductive materials are useful for electrical applications such as electromagnetic (EM) shielding, EM absorbing, and microwave components. [16][17][18][19][20] Mehdipour et al simulated a bow-tie antenna made of carbon fiber composite and suggested the possibility of using the composite as an antenna element. 19) Although the results of their simulations indicated that an electron conductivity of 500 S=m was a reasonable target for antenna application, the efficiency of dipole antennas fabricated with conductive paper was still low (−11 dBi) due to the small conductivity (∼50 S=m) of the conductive paper.…”

“…19) Although the results of their simulations indicated that an electron conductivity of 500 S=m was a reasonable target for antenna application, the efficiency of dipole antennas fabricated with conductive paper was still low (−11 dBi) due to the small conductivity (∼50 S=m) of the conductive paper. 20) Thus, another major purpose of this work is to fabricate an antenna using PAN=CNT-based carbon fibers and to demonstrate their effectiveness to antenna application.…”