Effect of conductivity on subdermal antennas

Abstract

This article is an initial exploration of the material effects of subdermal antennas in the fat layer under the skin for the MedRadio band (401–457 MHz) through the Industrial Scientific Medical 902–928 MHz. Subdermal strip dipoles were made of materials with conductivities ranging from 5.0 × 103 to 5.8 × 107 S/m, including a biocompatible gold nanoparticle polymer.

Next-Generation Healthcare: Enabling Technologies for Emerging Bioelectromagnetics Applications

“…High electrical conductivity materials are used for transducing electrical signals between the biological tissues and electronics, such as wires, antennas, ground planes, etc. Typically conductivities at least on the order of 10 4 -10 5 S/m are needed for medical electronics [143], although antennas with conductivities as low as 5 x 10 2 S/m have been proposed [144]. Insulating materials separate these conductive materials from body tissues, isolate individual electrical components, and protect the conductive materials from biological corrosion [145], [146].…”

Highly conductive thermoresponsive silver nanowire PNIPAM nanocomposite for reversible electrical switch

“…Electrically conductive nanocomposites have been formulated by combining polymers or hydrogels with conductive nanomaterials. 1,2 These nanocomposites offer therapies for biomedical applications, including implantable medical devices, [3][4][5][6] electrochemical biosensors, 7,8 antennas, [9][10][11] and wearable electronics. 12,13 Hydrogels possess well-established biocompatibility and tissue-like mechanical properties due to their high water composition.…”