“…The sharp corners of the patterns have led to local structural weaknesses such as shrinkage, cracks, tears, and draws (Kay 2002). Refiner plates with the draft angle are considered to minimize the open area of the stock flow zone between bars, stock throughput, and plate life (J&L Fiber Services 2006; AFT catalog 2017; Lee et al 2019). In contrast, refiner plates with zero-degree draft angles can maximize the area of the stock flow path, plate life, hydraulic capacity, and bar edge sharpness (Ratnieks 2007;Robinson et al 2010).…”