Performance Enhancing Proxies Intended to Mitigate Link-Related Degradations

Border, John R.; Kojo, Markku; Griner, James H.; Montenegro, Gabriel; Shelby, Zach

doi:10.17487/rfc3135

Cited by 431 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…For instance, methods to implicitly distinguish corruption from congestion have, thus far, not been successful [10,16]. However, Performance Enhancing Proxies (PEPs) [12] have been shown to improve TCP performance [7], but break the end-to-end semantics of the transport layer connection. In addition, PEPs that require intrusive header inspection are not able to impact encrypted traffic (e.g., traffic utilizing IPsec [26]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit transport error notification (ETEN) for error-prone wireless and satellite networks

Krishnan¹,

Sterbenz

Eddy

et al. 2004

Computer Networks

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Wireless and satellite networks often have non-negligible packet corruption rates that can significantly degrade TCP performance. This is due to TCP's assumption that every packet loss is an indication of network congestion (causing TCP to reduce the transmission rate). This problem has received much attention in the literature. In this paper, we take a broad look at the problem of enhancing TCP performance under corruption losses, and include a discussion of the key issues. The main contributions of this paper are: ( ) a confirmation of previous studies that show the reduction of TCP performance in the face of corruption loss, and in addition a plausible upper bound achievable with perfect knowledge of the cause of loss, ( ) a classification of the potential mitigation space, and ( ) the introduction of a promising new mitigation that employs rich cumulative information from intermediate nodes in a path to form a better congestion response.We first illustrate the performance implications of corruption-based loss for a variety of networks via simulation. In addition, we show a rough upper bound on the performance gains a TCP could get if it could perfectly determine the cause of each segment loss -independent of any specific mechanism for TCP to learn the root cause of packet loss. Next, we provide a taxonomy of potential practical classes of mitigations that TCP end-points and intermediate network elements can cooperatively use to decrease the performance impact of corruption-based loss. Finally, we briefly consider a potential mitigation, called cumulative explicit transport error notification (CETEN), which covers a portion of the solution space previously unexplored. CETEN is shown to be a promising mitigation strategy, but a strategy with numerous formidable practical hurdles still to overcome.£ Pre-print: Accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Networks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit transport error notification (ETEN) for error-prone wireless and satellite networks

Krishnan¹,

Sterbenz

Eddy

et al. 2004

Computer Networks

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“…Here, we limit ourselves to cite TCP Hybla [29] and TCP-Westwood [6] as transport protocols, even if this could be further extended. An alternative approach, widely adopted in satellite environments, is represented by 'accelerators' or performance enhancing proxies (PEPs) [30], which basically rely on the introduction of intermediate agents at transport layer. In a future perspective, the delay/disruptive tolerant networking (DTN) architecture [31] may represent an interesting solution not only for deep space communications, but also for the most challenging satellite networks.…”

Section: Ucit: a Tool For Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communications and networking over satellites: SatNEx experimental activities and testbeds

Cola

Ronga²,

Pecorella³

et al. 2008

Satell Commun Network

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SUMMARYOne of the aims of the SatNEx (Satellite Network of Excellence, http://www.satnex.de) European project is to provide the scientific community that operates on satellite communications with measurement campaign results and evaluation tools, in order to support research activities that investigate problems in satellite communications at different levels of the OSI stack. In fact, the research activities developed in SatNEx address the most relevant aspects of satellite communications, such as channel modulation and coding schemes, access strategies, advanced networking, end-to-end quality of service, transport performance, delay tolerant networks, and new applications. Even if SatNEx is mainly devoted to satellite communications, integration of satellite and terrestrial wireless segments has also been taken into account. This paper presents the results obtained in the specific research activity devoted to trials and testbeds developed during the SatNEx project. The high number of authors of this paper is an indication of the strong collaborative work sustained, the numerous measurement campaigns, and the complexity in developing integrated testbeds.

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“…Each section uses a transport protocol optimized for such specific environment. Connection splitting solutions and more generic group of performance enhancement proxies (PEPs) [14] achieve good level of TCP performance improvement. However, they violate TCP semantics and end-to-end principle of Internet protocol design (i.e.…”

Section: Related Work and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance improvement in wireless networks using cross-layer ARQ

Kliazovich

Granelli

Gerla³

2007

Computer Networks

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This paper presents a novel cross-layer approach (LLE-TCP) designed for performance enhancement of TCP over a large variety of wireless networks. LLE-TCP avoids TCP ACK packet transmission over the wireless channel. As a result, the saved time can be utilized by the nodes for data packet delivery. The proposed scheme enhances the protocol stacks of the wireless sender (or a base station) and the receiver with cross-layer ARQ agents which support ACK suppression. ARQ agent suppresses the outgoing ACKs at the receiver side and generates them locally at the sender or base station.The performance evaluation of the proposed approach is performed via simulations as well as IEEE 802.11 testbed experiments for single-hop and infrastructure network scenarios. LLE-TCP demonstrates the performance improvement in the range of 20-100% depending on the transmitted TCP/IP datagram size.Among the factors contributing to performance enhancement are: medium busy time reduction, reduced sensibility to link errors, reduced round trip time (RTT), and improved congestion control.A good level of throughput fairness as well as a fair coexistence with state-of-the-art TCP modifications ensures proper functionality of the proposed approach, while performance advantages extended even on non-LLE-TCP users favor an incremental deployment of the technique in existing networks.

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Performance Enhancing Proxies Intended to Mitigate Link-Related Degradations

Abstract: This document is a survey of Performance Enhancing Proxies (PEPs) often employed to improve degraded TCP performance caused by characteristics of specific link environments, for example, in satellite, wireless WAN, and wireless LAN environments.

Cited by 431 publications

References 12 publications

Explicit transport error notification (ETEN) for error-prone wireless and satellite networks

Explicit transport error notification (ETEN) for error-prone wireless and satellite networks

Communications and networking over satellites: SatNEx experimental activities and testbeds

Performance improvement in wireless networks using cross-layer ARQ

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