Performance Enhancements of the Indoor Localization System Based on Dynamic ToA and RSS Mechanisms

Abstract

Localization is the process of estimating the position of targets indoors or outdoors. In indoor scenarios, there are challenges to using the Global Positioning System (GPS) according to multipath environments which is the main reason. The techniques which are widely used for indoor positioning are Time of Arrival (ToA) and Receive Signal Strength (RSS). The key issues that led to elevate errors are the Non-Line of Sight (NLoS) and multipath. Many researchers are trying to address these problems using various propose techniques they approach an accuracy depending on their proposed algorithms. In this paper, a new approach is based on dynamic mechanisms to choose specific values of the path loss exponent (c) and Gaussian variable (Xr) to match the specific environment that straight each transmitter and receiver individually based on ToA and RSS. The idea depends on taking into account the location of each recipient, which differs from the other in terms of the number of barriers that separate him and the sender. To apply the proposed system, a case study building is chosen for such a task. Also, the Wireless Insite Software (WIS) was used to simulate such building and evaluate the proposed algorithm. In such a proposal, 30 Receivers (RXs), and 3Transmitters (TXs) were deployed in suitable locations through the case study. The result obtained by WIS is supported by a special algorithm implemented by the MATLAB package to achieve the average error. The results show that the proposed scheme improves the accuracy which does not exceed (0.331) m and (0.251) m based on RSS and ToA measurement respectively in the distance above (25) m. The ToA with the proposed technique is slightly outperformed RSS in distances above (25) m and specific in the Line of Sight (LoS) scenario.