Performance enhancement with supplements: incongruence between rationale and practice

Petróczi, Andrea; Naughton, Declan P.; Mazanov, Jason; Holloway, Allison; Bingham, Jerry

doi:10.1186/1550-2783-4-19

Cited by 77 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Supplementing a Mediterranean diet with olive oil or nuts increases the total polyphenol intake, which correlates with higher plasma nitric oxide (NO) and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure [9]. Supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, antioxidants and vitamins are widely consumed for better health and athletic achievement [10]. Beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n -3-PUFAs) on exercise performance [11] and on physical activity oxidative balance [12] have been evidenced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Almond- and Olive Oil-Based Docosahexaenoic- and Vitamin E-Enriched Beverage Dietary Supplementation on Inflammation Associated to Exercise and Age

et al. 2016

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n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols are potential key factors for the treatment and prevention of chronic inflammation associated to ageing and non-communicable diseases. The aim was to analyse effects of an almond and olive oil beverage enriched with α-tocopherol and docosahexaenoic, exercise and age on inflammatory plasma markers, and immune gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Five young and five senior athletes who were supplemented for five weeks with a functional beverage performed a stress test under controlled conditions before and after beverage supplementation. Blood samples were taken immediately before and 1 h after each test. Plasma, erythrocytes and PBMCs were isolated. Beverage supplementation increased plasmatic Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) levels depending on age and exercise. Exercise increased plasma non esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), soluble Intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (sICAM3) and soluble L-selectin (sL-Selectin), and this increase was attenuated by the supplementation. Exercise increased PGE2 plasma levels in supplemented young and in senior placebo athletes. Exercise increased NFkβ-activated levels in PBMCs, which are primed to a pro-inflammatory response increasing pro-inflammatory genes expression after the exercise mainly in the young group after the supplementation. The functional beverage supplementation to young athletes enhances a pro-inflammatory circulating environment in response to the exercise that was less evident in the senior group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Almond- and Olive Oil-Based Docosahexaenoic- and Vitamin E-Enriched Beverage Dietary Supplementation on Inflammation Associated to Exercise and Age

et al. 2016

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“…A large number of athletes believe that dietary supplements are required to give them a competitive edge and that a "normal" diet will not suffice (Maughan et al, 2007). Young athletes most frequently cite overall health and avoiding illness, enhanced performance and recovery, taste, increased energy, and muscle building as reasons for taking dietary supplements (McDowall, 2007;Petroczi et al, 2007a;Petroczi et al, 2007b;Sobal & Marquart, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Dietary Supplement Usage, Motivation, and Education in Young Canadian Athletes

Wiens¹,

Erdman²,

Stadnyk³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

103

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“…However, a simple conclusion emerges -athletes continue to use supplements in sport in order to satisfy their belief in their performance and health enhancing effects. They often do so without consulting physicians (Waddington et al 2005) or having a clear rationale behind their choices (Petróczi et al 2007;Petróczi et al 2008b). This trend is of particular concern given that products on the nutritional (dietary) supplement market are considered foodstuffs and not medicines in most countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gateway to doping? Supplement use in the context of preferred competitive situations, doping attitude, beliefs, and norms

Backhouse

Whitaker

Petróczi

2011

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

136

135

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Nutritional supplement (NS) use is widespread in sport. This study applied an integrated social cognitive approach to examine doping attitudes, beliefs and self-reported doping use behaviour across NS users (n=96) and non-users (n=116). Following ethical approval, 212 competitive athletes (age mean=21.4, s=4.5; 137 males) completed self-reported measures of doping-related social cognitions and behaviours, presented in an online format where completion implied consent. Significantly more NS users (22.9%) reported doping compared with non-users (6.0%; U= 4628.0, p< 0.05). NS users presented significantly more positive attitudes towards doping (U= 3152.0, p<0.05) and expressed a significantly greater belief that doping is effective (U= 3152.0, p<0.05). When presented with the scenario that performance enhancing substances are effective and increase the possibility of winning, NS users were significantly more in favour of competing in situations which allow doping (U= 3504.5, p<0.05). In sum, doping use is three and a half times more prevalent in NS users compared to non-users. This finding is accompanied by significant differences in doping attitudes, norms and beliefs. Thus, this paper offers support for the gateway hypothesis; athletes who engage in legal performance enhancement practices appear to embody an 'at risk' group for transition towards doping. Education should be appropriately targeted.

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Performance enhancement with supplements: incongruence between rationale and practice

Cited by 77 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of Almond- and Olive Oil-Based Docosahexaenoic- and Vitamin E-Enriched Beverage Dietary Supplementation on Inflammation Associated to Exercise and Age

Effects of Almond- and Olive Oil-Based Docosahexaenoic- and Vitamin E-Enriched Beverage Dietary Supplementation on Inflammation Associated to Exercise and Age

Dietary Supplement Usage, Motivation, and Education in Young Canadian Athletes

Gateway to doping? Supplement use in the context of preferred competitive situations, doping attitude, beliefs, and norms

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