Performance characterization of novel caisson-based thermal storage for ground source heat pumps

Shukla, Saunak; Bayomy, Ayman M.; Antoun, Sylvie; Mwesigye, Aggrey; Leong, Wey H.; Dworkin, Seth B.

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.04.075

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…With the depletion of traditional fossil energy, the damage to the earth’s ecosystem become more and more severe. For coordinating the contradiction between energy and environment, exploring a renewable clean energy has become the top priority. , Hydrogen energy stands out because it is pollution-free, transportable, and easy to store. Hydrogen energy, which is a kind of secondary energy, has become the direction of people’s efforts to extract it from water by using solar energy. , In recent decades, a large number of semiconductor materials have been explored as typical photocatalysts, such as TiO 2 , ZnO, , and g-C 3 N 4 . , For the semiconductor photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen production system, the electrons migrate to the surface of the catalyst in order to reduce H + and release H 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For coordinating the contradiction between energy and environment, exploring a renewable clean energy has become the top priority. 1,2 Hydrogen energy stands out because it is pollutionfree, transportable, and easy to store. Hydrogen energy, which is a kind of secondary energy, has become the direction of people's efforts to extract it from water by using solar energy.…”

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confidence: 99%

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P Doping Promotes the Spontaneous Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Water Splitting in Isomorphic Type II GaSe/InS Heterostructure

Zhang

Yin

2021

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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The development and design of clean and efficient water splitting photocatalysts is important for the current situation of energy shortage and environmental pollution. A new type of isomorphic GaSe/InS heterostructure is constructed, and the optoelectronic properties were studied through first-principles calculations. The results show that GaSe/InS vdW heterostructure is a type II semiconductor with a band gap of 2.09 eV. However, through the analysis of the energy band edge position and Gibbs free energy change of water splitting, it is found that the GaSe/InS heterostructure is difficult to undergo overall water splitting. Therefore, nonmetallic element P doping is considered, the established P-doped GaSe/InS (P-GaSe/InS) heterostructure could maintain the type II band arrangement, and under acidic conditions, P-GaSe/InS heterostructure could spontaneously undergo overall water splitting thermodynamically. Furthermore, the low exciton binding energy of P-GaSe/InS heterostructure highlights better light absorption performance. Therefore, these findings indicate that P-GaSe/InS heterostructure is a promising photocatalyst in overall water splitting.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

P Doping Promotes the Spontaneous Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Water Splitting in Isomorphic Type II GaSe/InS Heterostructure

Zhang

Yin

2021

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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“…either on a horizontal ground heat exchanger [66]- [70] or vertical ground heat exchanger [61]- [65], [71], (2) by inserting PCM tubes inside the energy piles [72][73], or (3) by using a PCM slurry as a heat transfer fluid [70], [71]. The majority of these studies concluded that the use of a PCM led to a decrease in the thermal radius [61]- [66] and an increase in the storage capacity of the borehole due to their high latent heat [62], [63], [70]- [73]. A few studies concluded that the use of a PCM led to an increase in the heat transfer rate of the ground heat exchanger [62], [63],…”

Section: Gshp With Pcmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…while others observed a decrease in the heat transfer rate, leading to severe heat accumulation around the ground heat exchanger tubes, a lower coefficient of performance for the heat pump, and in some cases, system failure [61], [64]. The majority of these studies used a constant inlet temperature [62]- [66], while in an actual GSHP, the inlet temperature varies with the building load, and the heat pump COP varies with the entering water temperature (the GHE outlet temperature) [61], [67]- [73]. Lastly, most of these studies investigated the performance of the GSHP performance over a short period (hours or days) [61]- [68], while actual GSHPs operate continuously for years [69], [72], [73].…”

Section: Gshp With Pcmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underground Energy Storage Utilizing Building Concrete Foundation with PCMs: Experimental and Numerical Approach

Mousa

2024

Preprint

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<p>Geothermal energy utilization has increased 90 times since 1995 [1], ground source heat pump (GSHP) has the largest share of this value in a way to reduce the burning of fossil fuels and contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Space requirement and the high initial cost of borehole field hinder the widespread of GSHP. Building foundation piles as a GHE has been presented to eliminate these limitations. However, the foundation piles have a lower depth and small spacing compared to the borehole. To increase the storage capacity and to decrease the thermal radius of energy piles, phase change material (PCM) has been presented as a potential solution. In the current study, laboratory-scale energy piles were built with and without PCM, along with a 3-D finite element model. The numerical predictions were validated with the experimental measurements, allowing the investigations of more parameters numerically. The experimental and numerical results showed that PCM increased the storage capacity and decreased the temperature distribution of the lab-scaled pile. The validated model was then modified to study the effect of latent heat and melting temperature numerically. Increasing PCM latent heat increased the models’ storage capacity and decreased their temperature distribution. The validated numerical model was then scaled up to simulate an actual energy pile with a depth of 25 m and a diameter of 1.5 m. The pile’s performance was investigated with an actual building load for a complete year. While the actual heat pump performance curve was integrated into the numerical model. PCM enhanced the heat pump coefficient of performance (COP) by up to 5.2% during the melting of PCM, while its low thermal conductivity decreased the COP by up to 1.8% during the complete solid state. PCM cylinders’ location was also investigated at 6 different locations. In addition, two PCM melting temperature ranges were investigated in order to determine the effect of PCM melting range, the results showed that PCM with a melting temperature range of (4-6)°C is better than a melting range of (1-3)°C for the current study load. Finally, two different PCMs were used inside the same energy pile along the symmetry lines, which showed an average enhancement of 9%.</p>

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“…In recent years, the GHE development and technology have been used in modern countries, particularly in Europe, due to its ability to provide cooling and heating during the summer and winter [13]. GHE is a promising application for cooling and heating spaces [14][15][16]. A blower is used to force air from the surrounding environment through pipes that are buried in the GHE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Study of Ground Heat Exchanger Based on Thermal Conductivity of Hybrid Soil

Abdullah

Yusof

Azmi³

2022

ARFMTS

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The need for renewable energy sources has grown as the world has significantly changed, and fossil fuels have been used extensively in global perspective. As a result, renewable energy has replaced fossil fuels in many places around the world because it is better for the environment. Geothermal energy is the most efficient way to heat and cool space from all renewable energy sources. Geothermal renewable energy, in particular from ground heat exchangers (GHE), has enormous potential for use in construction (building). In order for the GHE to function appropriately (efficiently), it is critical (better) to have sufficient quantities of backfilling material. This material is used to fill the gap between the soil surrounding. The heat transfer rate from the air to the soil, which is controlled by thermal characteristics of the soil near the GHE pipe, determines the thermal performance of the GHE. Using some backfilling materials that have been thermally improved, the thermal properties of the soil around the GHE pipe can be improved as well. Therefore, the current study examines the impact of hybrid soils without moisture on the GHE performance. The hybrid soils comprise of two components: native soil and bentonite. A thermal property analyzer was used to measure the thermal conductivity of the hybrid soil. According to the study, compared to other grain sizes, native soil with a grain size of 2.0 to 2.5mm has the highest thermal conductivity value at 20% bentonite, which is 0.331 W/m.K. The effectiveness of the GHE system was assessed using a mathematical model, demonstrating that the GHE has significantly reduces temperatures along pipes with length of 0 to 16m. In a nutshell, once the thermal conductivity of hybrid soil increases, the performance of GHE will improve.

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Performance characterization of novel caisson-based thermal storage for ground source heat pumps

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

P Doping Promotes the Spontaneous Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Water Splitting in Isomorphic Type II GaSe/InS Heterostructure

P Doping Promotes the Spontaneous Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Water Splitting in Isomorphic Type II GaSe/InS Heterostructure

Underground Energy Storage Utilizing Building Concrete Foundation with PCMs: Experimental and Numerical Approach

Performance Study of Ground Heat Exchanger Based on Thermal Conductivity of Hybrid Soil

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