Performance characteristics of a waste-heat recovery water-source heat pump system designed for data centers and residential area in the heating dominated region

Jang, Yunseok; Lee, Dong‐Chan; Kim, Jin‐Young; Ham, Se Hyeon; Kim, Yongchan

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105416

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Some projects have been implemented by companies like Apple, Microsoft and Meta Platforms, showcasing the effective recovery of waste heat from DCs using heat pumps. 120 The COP of a heat pump is observed to vary depending on the temperature differences involved in the heat transfer process. Heat pump units driven by waste heat from cooling water in DCs often exhibit a higher COP compared to many air-source driven heat pump units.…”

Section: Flexible Interactions Between Computing Network and Heating ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Data center integrated energy system for sustainability: Generalization, approaches, methods, techniques, and future perspectives

Wang,

Han,

Shen

et al. 2024

The Innovation Energy

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<p>The increasing prominence of data centers (DCs) in the global digital economy has raised concerns about energy consumption and carbon emissions. Simultaneously, the rapid advancement of integrated energy systems (IES) has enabled DCs to efficiently harness clean energy and waste heat, contributing to sustainability. A concept of data center integrated energy system (DC-IES) is introduced in this paper, and its generalization, approaches, methods, techniques, and future perspectives are scrutinized on the utilization of renewable energy, recovery of waste heat, construction of producer and consumer and diversity of system architecture, as well as optimization solutions in DC-IES planning and design. The evaluation indicators and optimization objectives of DC-IES are also discussed from perspectives of energy, water, economy, environment and reliability. Furthermore, innovative models are proposed for DC-IES to actively engage in the interaction between computing networks and power grids as well as heating networks respectively, while also emphasizing their associated research through the technical principles, participating elements and benefit impacts. It reveals that the integration of non-interactive workloads in the computing network, along with the utilization of flexible resources from diesel generators and uninterruptible power supply, as well as the implementation of waste heat recovery technologies such as heat pumps and absorption refrigeration systems, will significantly enhance the planning and operation of DC-IES. Finally, a series of challenges and future perspectives related to the reliability and cost-effectiveness encountered in the optimization of DC-IES are revealed.</p>

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Section: Flexible Interactions Between Computing Network and Heating ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Data center integrated energy system for sustainability: Generalization, approaches, methods, techniques, and future perspectives

Wang,

Han,

Shen

et al. 2024

The Innovation Energy

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“…A heat pump is the main technology to increase the outlet temperature to be aligned with the heating network temperature. In the following section, the results of several case studies [11][12][13][14][15][16] will be described to evaluate the potential results of waste heat recovery system design in DCs.…”

Section: Literature Review 21 Data Centers As Heat Energy Producersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed system decreased the overall energy use in the DC by 12.3% and 21.2% in residential housing. The most significant use of the recovered waste heat was observed in January with 65% of the energy from the DC used in residential housing [11].…”

Section: Literature Review 21 Data Centers As Heat Energy Producersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Modelling of Data Center Waste Heat Potential Integration in District Heating in Latvia

Pakere,

Goncarovs,

Grāvelsiņš

et al. 2024

Energies

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As demand for data centers (DC) has increased rapidly, so has their electricity consumption. Cooling DCs is essential to maintain optimal temperatures for the operation of servers and equipment. The consequence of the cooling process is that most of the electricity consumed in DCs, including cooling, is eventually dissipated as heat that is released into the atmosphere without any useful application. Recovering and reusing waste heat offers a sustainable solution to reduce primary energy consumption and minimize the environmental impact. Using waste heat from DCs to heat buildings can significantly improve the energy efficiency and environmental sustainability of DCs. Therefore, this research analyzes the existing potential of waste heat recovery from data centers in Latvia and proposes a system dynamic modelling approach for evaluation of the future impact of waste heat on the national heat supply. The overall waste heat generated by DCs in 2022 was 51.37 GWh at a temperature of 65 °C. By 2050, the total heat energy production potential from DCs will increase to 257 GWh, with 201 GWh being utilized.

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“…Their operating efficiency is high, and their performance is less affected by ambient temperature changes. The only deficiency is the need for large water bodies or storage tanks near the building [13,20,21]. GSHPs are heat pump systems that use underground soil or rock as their heat source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation Mode and Energy Consumption Analysis of a New Energy Tower and Ground Source-Coupled Heat Pump System

Zhang,

Wu,

et al. 2023

Energies

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In order to solve the problems of performance degradation in energy tower heat pump (ETHP) systems under low temperature conditions and soil heat imbalances in ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems in cold regions, a new coupled system of ETHP and GSHP systems (the ET–GSHP system) and its operating mode were proposed. The mathematical model of the system was constructed along with the system’s form and operation scheme. The COP (coefficient of performance) and total energy consumption of the coupled system were then simulated and studied under a number of common operating situations. The heating season is divided into four periods based on varying outdoor ambient temperatures: the first period operates in series mode and has an average outdoor temperature of 2.38 °C; the second period operates in parallel mode and has an average outdoor temperature of −8.56 °C; the third period uses soil source heat pumps to operate separately; and the fourth period operates in series mode and has an average outdoor temperature of −11.32 °C. Operation of the coupled system in four periods was simulated and analyzed, and the operational efficiency and energy saving of the system were analyzed using an actual commercial building in a cold region as an example. The results demonstrate that the ET–GSHP system’s overall energy consumption during the heating period is reduced by 4.34% when compared to the traditional GSHP systems; the system’s COP can maintain a high level throughout the heating period, with an average COP of 3.315; and the soil temperature at the conclusion of the heating period is 25 °C, which is 8.89 °C higher than that of the traditional GSHP system, providing a guarantee of summer heat return. The new ET–GSHP system significantly boosts the efficiency of the system’s operation, achieves effective coupling between various heat sources through multi-stage control, and offers improved energy-saving advantages.

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Performance characteristics of a waste-heat recovery water-source heat pump system designed for data centers and residential area in the heating dominated region

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Data center integrated energy system for sustainability: Generalization, approaches, methods, techniques, and future perspectives

Data center integrated energy system for sustainability: Generalization, approaches, methods, techniques, and future perspectives

Dynamic Modelling of Data Center Waste Heat Potential Integration in District Heating in Latvia

Operation Mode and Energy Consumption Analysis of a New Energy Tower and Ground Source-Coupled Heat Pump System

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