Performance characterisation of a small milk cooling system with ice storage for PV applications

Torres-Toledo, Victor; Meissner, Klaus; Coronas, Alberto; Müller, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.06.025

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Previous research into small-scale renewable energy-based milk cooling systems in isolated regions has primarily focused on their technical feasibility, particularly with regards to solar milk cooling systems and energy storage in the form of a battery bank or thermal ice storage. Studies [9], [10] which analysed the performance and reliability of photovoltaic (PV) refrigeration plants under several climatic and load disturbances, showed good efficiency, reliability and system autonomy at solar radiation values greater than 5kWh/m 2 /day, and increasing specific total energy consumption with increasing ambient temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A risk-adjusted techno-economic analysis for renewable-based milk cooling in remote dairy farming communities in East Africa

2019

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The dairy industry accounts for 9-14% of East Africa's agricultural gross development product. Due to lack of milk cooling facilities, dairy farmers in areas without access to reliable grid electricity face problems of high milk spoilage and limited access to formal markets, which limits their income and standard of living. This article examines the economic viability for a number of configurations of off-grid solar, wind, biomass and biogas based milk-cooling systems serving a community in Tanzania. Key risk factors having the greatest impact on system viability are identified and a stochastic approach, by means of a Monte Carlo simulation is employed to determine the risk-adjusted economic performance of the project. The results indicate that biogas based systems offer the most viable option, with an internal rate of return of around 25%, a net present value of around $9,000 and a projected increase in farmers' monthly income of at least 78%. Despite specific risk factors, the 300-liter cooling system had an 82% probability of a positive net present value. However, larger system cooling capacities have a significant likelihood of a financial loss. Consequently, risk mitigation strategies designed to increase the probability of economic success are proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A risk-adjusted techno-economic analysis for renewable-based milk cooling in remote dairy farming communities in East Africa

2019

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“…Cold energy stored in ice can be effectively used to remove heat from another fluid in a secondary circuit. Water acts as a good thermal energy storage material in various industries such as the dairy industry for chilling milk [1,2], and the pharmaceutical [3] and chemical industries for transportation and storage without having to depend on batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The refrigeration sector has now evolved the use of DC powered compressors that directly utilize the use of solar energy eliminating inverters. Likewise, few researches have started using DC powered compressors without batteries autonomously depending on ice-based thermal storage [1][2][3][4]. Pedersen and Katic (2016) confirmed that the energy content in ice produced by the DC compressor was higher than the energy content in a lead-acid battery, in terms of both volume and weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Freezing and Melting Characteristics of Graphene-Based Phase Change Nanocomposite for Cold Thermal Energy Storage Applications

et al. 2019

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In the present work, the freezing and melting characteristics of water seeded with chemically functionalized graphene nanoplatelets in a vertical cylindrical capsule were experimentally studied. The volume percentage of functionalized graphene nanoplatelets varied from 0.1% to 0.5% with an interval of 0.1%. The stability of the synthesized samples was measured using zeta potential analyzer. The thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite samples was experimentally measured using the transient hot wire method. A ~24% (maximum) increase in the thermal conductivity was observed for the 0.5% volume percentage in the liquid state, while a ~53% enhancement was observed in the solid state. The freezing and melting behavior of water dispersed with graphene nanoplatelets was assessed using a cylindrical stainless steel capsule in a constant temperature bath. The bath temperatures considered for studying the freezing characteristics were −6 °C and −10 °C, while to study the melting characteristics the bath temperature was set as 31 °C and 36 °C. The freezing and melting time decreased for all the test conditions when the volume percentage of GnP increased. The freezing rate was enhanced by ~43% and ~32% for the bath temperatures of −6 °C and −10 °C, respectively, at 0.5 vol % of graphene loading. The melting rate was enhanced by ~42% and ~63% for the bath temperatures of 31 °C and 36 °C, respectively, at 0.5 vol % of graphene loading.

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“…Cold energy stored in ice can be effectively used to remove heat from another fluid in a secondary circuit. Water acts as a good thermal energy storage material in various industries such as the dairy industry for chilling milk [1,2], pharmaceutical [3] and chemical industries for transportation and storage without depending on batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The refrigeration sector has now evolved the use of DC powered compressors that directly utilise the use of solar energy eliminating inverters. Likewise, few researches have started using DC powered compressors without batteries autonomously depending on ice based thermal storage [1][2][3][4]. Per Henrik Pedersen and Ivan Katic (2016) validated that the energy content in ice produced by the DC compressor was higher than the energy content in a lead-acid battery, in terms of both volume and weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Freezing and Melting Characteristics Of Graphene Based Phase Change Nanocomposite for Cold Thermal Energy Storage Applications

Sidney¹,

Lal²,

Selvam³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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In the present work freezing and melting characteristics of water seeded with chemically functionalized graphene nano-platelets in a vertical cylindrical capsule was experimentally studied. The volume percentage of functionalized graphene nano-platelets was varied from 0.1% to 0.5% with an interval of 0.1%. The stability of the synthesised samples were carried out by zeta potential distribution. The thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite samples were experimentally measured using transient hot wire method. A maximum enhancement of ~24% in the thermal conductivity was observed for the 0.5% volume percentage in the liquid state while a ~53% enhancement in the solid state. Freezing and melting behaviour of water dispersed with graphene nanoplatelets were carried out using a cylindrical stainless steel capsule in a constant temperature bath. The bath temperatures considered for studying freezing characteristics were considered to be −6 °C and −10 °C, while to study the melting characteristics the bath temperature was set as 31 °C and 36 °C. The freezing and melting time decreased for all the test conditions when the volume percentage of GnP increased.  The freezing rate was enhanced by ~ 43% and ~32% for the bath temperatures of −6 °C and −10 °C respectively at 0.5 vol % of graphene loading. The melting rate was enhanced by ~42% and ~63% for the bath temperature of 31 °C and 36 °C respectively at 0.5 vol % of graphene loading.

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Performance characterisation of a small milk cooling system with ice storage for PV applications

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

A risk-adjusted techno-economic analysis for renewable-based milk cooling in remote dairy farming communities in East Africa

A risk-adjusted techno-economic analysis for renewable-based milk cooling in remote dairy farming communities in East Africa

Experimental Investigation of Freezing and Melting Characteristics of Graphene-Based Phase Change Nanocomposite for Cold Thermal Energy Storage Applications

Experimental Investigation of Freezing and Melting Characteristics Of Graphene Based Phase Change Nanocomposite for Cold Thermal Energy Storage Applications

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