Performance and physiology of large containerized and bare-root spruce seedlings in relation to scarification and competition in Qu�bec (Canada)

Thiffault, Nelson; Jobidon, Robert; Munson, Alison D.

doi:10.1051/forest:2003057

Cited by 53 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It is also possible that high root egression ability of growing seedlings has a more pronounced effect on the maintenance of seedling water balance if, contrary to the present study, soil water content is high at the beginning of the drought period. Finally, it must be remembered that the results from this study are not directly applicable to actual forest site, where newly planted seedlings have to compete with ground vegetation for water and nutrients [23,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and morphological responses of dormant and growing Norway spruce container seedlings to drought after planting

Helenius¹,

Luoranen²,

Rikala³

2005

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Survival, root egress, height growth, xylem water potential, and chlorophyll fluorescence of dormant and growing Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) container seedlings exposed to postplanting drought periods (1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks) in the field were studied. Growth stages were created by terminating overwinter frozen storage 5 weeks (growing) or 5 days (dormant) before planting. Without postplanting drought, root egress of growing seedlings during the 6-week study period was twice that of dormant seedlings. When exposed to postplanting drought, growing seedlings showed a greater decline in root egress and xylem water potential than dormant seedlings. Postplanting drought had no effect on chlorophyll fluorescence in dormant seedlings, whereas in growing seedlings chlorophyll fluorescence decreased after the 3-week drought period. The results indicate that planting seedlings kept dormant by prolonged frozen storage in summer is beneficial only if very long dry periods occur after planting. chlorophyll fluorescence / drought / growth stage / Picea abies / root egress Résumé -Réaction physiologique et morphologique à la sécheresse après plantation de semis dormants ou en croissance de Picea abies cultivés en conteneurs. La survie, la production de nouvelles racines, la croissance de la pousse, le potentiel hydrique du xylème et la fluorescence de la chlorophylle ont été étudiés sur des semis de Picea abies (L.) Karst, dormants ou en croissance, cultivés en conteneurs et exposés à des périodes (1, 2, 3 et 4 semaines) de sécheresse après plantation au champ. Pour préparer les divers stades de croissance, le stockage hivernal des semis au froid a cessé 5 semaines (en croissance) ou 5 jours (dormants) avant la plantation. Quand les semis n'ont pas été exposés à la sécheresse après plantation, la production de nouvelles racines des semis en croissance a doublé comparativement aux semis dormants pendant les 6 semaines d'étude. Pour les semis exposés à la sécheresse après plantation, la production de nouvelles racines et le potentiel hydrique ont davantage baissé pour les semis en croissance que pour les semis dormants. La sécheresse après plantation n'a pas affecté la fluorescence de la chlorophylle des semis dormants, mais après une sécheresse de 3 semaines la fluorescence de la chlorophylle des semis en croissance a baissé. Les résultats montrent que la plantation des semis qui ont été conservés dormants par un stockage au froid plus long en été est bénéfique dans le cas où la sécheresse continue très longtemps après plantation. fluorescence de la chlorophylle / sécheresse / stade de croissance / Piceas abies / production de nouvelles racines

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and morphological responses of dormant and growing Norway spruce container seedlings to drought after planting

Helenius¹,

Luoranen²,

Rikala³

2005

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…3 illustrates the eight-year results of a study conducted in southeastern Québec, with severe competition from red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L. f.) and mountain maple (Acer spicatum Lam.). In this experiment, Jobidon et al (2003) observed a significant effect of initial seedling size on eight-year height and ground-level diameter (GLD) of black (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) and white spruces (P. glauca (Moench) Voss).…”

Section: When Size Does Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BSP) and white spruces (P. glauca (Moench) Voss). Large seedlings have a higher intrinsic growth potential than do smaller seedlings, and planting large stock with competition is superior to planting small stock followed by mechanical release (Jobidon et al 2003). Moreover, the response of large stock to release is greater than is that of smaller seedlings.…”

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confidence: 95%

“…Whereas combining the use of large seedlings with vegetation control has multiplier effects on spruce growth (Jobidon et al 2003), effects are additive for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) (no interaction) (South et al 2001). Nevertheless, growth gains remain greatest when combining intensive management and the use of large seedlings.…”

Section: When Size Does Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stock type in intensive silviculture: A (short) discussion about roots and size

Thiffault¹

2004

The Forestry Chronicle

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I present an overview of some main issues related to the role of stock type in the intensive silviculture of conifers. The aim of my analysis is to answer some aspects of the question of whether or not foresters involved in intensive silviculture in eastern Canada should be concerned with stock type selection. When artificially establishing a forest stand, stock type selection can interact with other treatments to influence plantation success and productivity. Of particular importance are seedling size and root system characteristics. Research has demonstrated the greater intrinsic growth potential and competitive ability of larger seedlings as compared to standard stock sizes. These results also illustrate the multiplier effect of planting large spruce (Picea spp.) seedlings, combined with a release treatment to reduce competing vegetation. The larger size of bareroot seedlings compared to container seedlings has often been seen as improving their competitive potential, although mortality of such stock has been higher. However, recent nursery practices are increasing the size of containerized seedlings and improving the quality of bareroot stock. The issue is now more dependent on practical reforestation considerations than on field performance. Other considerations, such as seedling genetic potential and seedling nutritional status can be raised. The production of seedling characteristics specifically for growth performance is essential to intensive plantation management, but plantation success requires both proper stock type selection and appropriate silviculture. IntroductionWith population growth, the steady increase in per capita consumption of wood, and increased concern about the protection of natural forests, intensive forestry will play an increasingly important role in sustaining the wood supply in the future (Cossalter and Pye-Smith 2003). In eastern Canada and elsewhere, intensive silviculture generally involves resorting to plantation forestry (Bell et al. 2000). Several issues are related to the use of high-yield plantations, one of which is the use of proper seedling types to optimize plantation productivity. Stock type has the potential to influence plantation success, and hence forest productivity. This is especially true during the establishment and early growth stages. In this paper, I discuss the question of whether or not foresters involved in intensive silviculture in eastern Canada should be concerned with stock type selection. Although it is based on published scientific literature, my brief analysis is not a literature review. It points out some aspects related to stock type that I believe are important for the intensive silviculture of conifers in eastern Canada.The concept of "stock type" rings different bells for foresters, depending on their background and experience. In the context of this paper, the focus is from a silviculture-centred point of view. From this perspective, stock types differ with every change in the combination of species, genetic potential and cultural practices...

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“…The choice between agricultural or forest land also dictates soil preparation and vegetation control techniques and choice of seedling type. It was recently demonstrated that poplar containerized plants outperformed bare-rooted plants and cuttings during the first two years of growth on forest land [21][22][23][24][25]. Poplars can grow adventitious roots from their stems, making cuttings easy to transplant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Cutting Type and Fertilization in Production of Containerized Poplar Plants

Böhlenius

Fransson

Holmström

et al. 2017

Forests

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Most poplar plantations are planted on marginal agricultural land, but poplar plantations also hold the potential for increased profits compared to plantations of other species on non-agricultural, previously forested land. To date, the establishment of poplar plantations on previously forested land is limited by the production of suitable containerized poplar stock for planting. The objective of this study is to investigate how different cutting quality and fertilizer treatments influence height, diameter, and root biomass growth and root-to-shoot ratio, all important variables for plant establishment. Our results show that fertilization increases plant growth and that single-bud and two-bud cuttings with cutting diameters of 5 to 10 mm can be used in the production of containerized plants. Root biomass was similar between these plant types but the number of roots per plant was higher if two-bud cuttings were used. In contrast to fertilized plants, only one cutting type (two-bud 10 mm) grew to a sufficient height and diameter for use in poplar plantation establishment. Interestingly, the root-to-shoot ratio for this cutting type was 0.16 while the ratio for the same cutting type is 0.11 if fertilized. Together, these results suggest that most types of poplar cuttings can be used to establish poplar plantations if fertilizer is used and that the largest cutting type (two-bud 10 mm) might be more suitable to establish poplar plantations at harsh sites, thus reducing the cost of poplar plant production.

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Performance and physiology of large containerized and bare-root spruce seedlings in relation to scarification and competition in Qu�bec (Canada)

Cited by 53 publications

References 45 publications

Physiological and morphological responses of dormant and growing Norway spruce container seedlings to drought after planting

Physiological and morphological responses of dormant and growing Norway spruce container seedlings to drought after planting

Stock type in intensive silviculture: A (short) discussion about roots and size

Influence of Cutting Type and Fertilization in Production of Containerized Poplar Plants

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