Performance and health of Holstein calves fed different levels of milk fortified with symbiotic complex containing pre- and probiotics

Marcondes, Marcos Inácio; Pereira, T. R.; Chagas, Juana Catarina Cariri; Filgueiras, E. A.; Castro, M. M. D.; Costa, G.P.; Sguizzato, Anna Luiza Lacerda; Sainz, Roberto Daniel

doi:10.1007/s11250-016-1127-1

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This should be noted when The low performance observed for 8 to 30 d calves could be associated with specific digestive patterns of MR, such as its relatively fast passage rate through the gastrointestinal tract and due to the low ability of the gut of young calves to digest non-milk components, considering the limited pancreatic enzyme production (Tanan, 2005). The scenario could be confirmed by our diarrhea events for calves 8 to 15 d old, which is typical in that period (Marcondes et al, 2016). Also, comparing WM and MR responses in gastrointestinal tract, the milk, even as a liquid feed, is high in casein (low concentration component in MR protein), allowing milk coagulation in the abomasum by rennin, or chymosin and chloric acid, forming a fat and protein clot compound (Pond et al, 2005).…”

Section: Adg and Digestibilitysupporting

confidence: 57%

Effects of methionine plus cysteine inclusion on performance and body composition of liquid-fed crossbred calves fed a commercial milk replacer and no starter feed

Chagas

Ferreira

Faciola

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of supplying 4 different inclusion levels of Met + Cys to crossbred liquid-fed calves on animal performance and body composition. Thirty-six Holstein-Gyr male calves were separated into 2 age groups: 16 calves, slaughtered at an age of 30 d, representing the physiological phase from 8 to 30 d, and 20 calves, slaughtered at an age of 60 d, representing the physiological phase from 30 to 60 d. At 8 d of age, the animals were randomly distributed among the experimental treatments: 4 Met + Cys inclusion levels (Met + Cys: 8.0, 8.7, 9.4, and 10.2 g/d), provided by an AA supplement added to 1.0 kg (as fed) of commercial milk replacer containing soy protein concentrate and wheat protein isolate reconstituted at 13.8% (dry matter basis). The diet was supplied without allowing leftovers and no starter feed was provided. The experimental diets were supplied without allowing orts, so that the dry matter, crude protein, and ether extract intakes were the same for all animals, independent of Met + Cys level. Total weight gain, average daily gain, gain composition, and body composition were evaluated for both age groups separately. Digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, and ether extract was lower for 8 to 30 d than for 30 to 60 d. The effect of Met + Cys levels on the digestibility of nutrients was not observed; there also was no significant interaction between physiological phase and Met + Cys levels. For the 8 to 30 d group, no responses in performance were observed according to the different Met + Cys levels, which indicates that 8.0 g/d of Met + Cys met the requirements for this physiological phase. The 30 to 60 d group responded positively to higher Met + Cys inclusion in the diet. In conclusion, an optimal Met + Cys dietary level to ensure best performance and protein gain ranges from 8.41 to 9.81 g/d.

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Section: Adg and Digestibilitysupporting

confidence: 57%

Effects of methionine plus cysteine inclusion on performance and body composition of liquid-fed crossbred calves fed a commercial milk replacer and no starter feed

Chagas

Ferreira

Faciola

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Scores 1 and 2 were considered normal. Diarrhea was defined as the presence of grade 3 or 4 feces for 2 consecutive days (Marcondes et al, 2016). The incidence of diarrhea in each group was calculated using the following formula:…”

Section: Analysis Of Growth Performance and The Incidence Of Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different types of zinc supplement on the growth, incidence of diarrhea, immune function, and rectal microbiota of newborn dairy calves

Chang

Wei

Hao

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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Neonatal diarrhea in dairy calves causes huge economic and productivity losses in the dairy industry. Zinc is an effective anti-diarrheal agent, but high doses may pose a threat to the environment. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of low-dose zinc supplementation on the growth, incidence of diarrhea, immune function, and rectal microbiota of newborn Holstein dairy calves. Thirty newborn calves were allocated to either a control group (without extra zinc supplementation), or groups supplemented with either 104 mg of zinc oxide (ZnO, equivalent to 80 mg of zinc/d) or 457 mg of zinc methionine (Zn-Met, equivalent to 80 mg of zinc/d) and studied them for 14 d. The rectal contents were sampled on d 1, 3, 7, and 14, and blood samples were collected at the end of the study. Supplementation with ZnO reduced the incidence of diarrhea during the first 3 d of life, and increased serum IgG and IgM concentrations. The Zn-Met supplementation increased growth performance and reduced the incidence of diarrhea during the first 14 d after birth. The results of fecal microbiota analysis showed that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla, and Escherichia and Bacteroides were the dominant genera in the recta of the calves. As the calves grew older, rectal microbial diversity and composition significantly evolved. In addition, dietary supplementation with ZnO reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in 1-d-old calves, and increased that of Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, and Faecalibacterium in 7-d-old calves, compared with the control group. Supplementation with Zn-Met increased the relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria and the genera Faecalibacterium and Collinsella on d 7, and that of the genus Ruminococcus after 2 wk, compared with the control group. Thus, the rectal microbial composition was not affected by zinc supplementation but significantly evolved during the calves' early life.Zinc supplementation reduced the incidence of diarrhea in young calves. In view of their differing effects, we recommend ZnO supplementation for dairy calves during their first 3 d of life and Zn-Met supplementation for the subsequent period. These findings suggest that zinc supplementation may be an alternative to antibacterial agents for the treatment of newborn calf diarrhea.

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“…Among the studies in this analysis, Miller-Cushon et al (2013a and2013b) and Overvest et al (2016) used a textured starter feed. Conversely, Jolomba (2015), Silva et al (2015), Marcondes et al (2016), Rodrigues et al (2016) and Dias et al (2017) used ground (as meal form) starter feed. Forage was not provided to calves, during the liquid feeding phase, in the studies of Miller-Cushon et al (2013a), Jolomba (2015), Silva et al (2015), Marcondes et al (2016), Rodrigues et al (2016) and Dias et al (2017).…”

Section: Development Of Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, Jolomba (2015), Silva et al (2015), Marcondes et al (2016), Rodrigues et al (2016) and Dias et al (2017) used ground (as meal form) starter feed. Forage was not provided to calves, during the liquid feeding phase, in the studies of Miller-Cushon et al (2013a), Jolomba (2015), Silva et al (2015), Marcondes et al (2016), Rodrigues et al (2016) and Dias et al (2017). On the other hand, the studies of Miller-Cushon et al (2013b) and Overvest et al (2016) had treatments which included forage.…”

Section: Development Of Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of equations, based on milk intake, to predict starter feed intake of preweaned dairy calves

Silva

DeVries

Tedeschi

et al. 2019

Animal

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There is a lack of studies that provide models or equations capable of predicting starter feed intake (SFI) for milk-fed dairy calves. Therefore, a multi-study analysis was conducted to identify variables that influence SFI, and to develop equations to predict SFI in milk-fed dairy calves up to 64 days of age. The database was composed of individual data of 176 calves from eight experiments, totaling 6426 daily observations of intake. The information collected from the studies were: birth BW (kg), SFI (kg/day), fluid milk or milk replacer intake (MI; l/day), sex (male or female), breed (Holstein or Holstein×Gyr crossbred) and age (days). Correlations between SFI and the quantitative variables MI, birth BW, metabolic birth BW, fat intake, CP intake, metabolizable energy intake, and age were calculated. Subsequently, data were graphed, and based on a visual appraisal of the pattern of the data, an exponential function was chosen. Data were evaluated using a meta-analysis approach to estimate fixed and random effects of the experiments using nonlinear mixed coefficient statistical models. A negative correlation between SFI and MI was observed (r=-0.39), but age was positively correlated with SFI (r=0.66). No effect of liquid feed source (milk or milk replacer) was observed in developing the equation. Two equations, significantly different for all parameters, were fit to predict SFI for calves that consume less than 5 (SFI5) l/day of milk or milk replacer: ${\rm SFI}_{{\,\lt\,5}} {\equals}0.1839_{{\,\pm\,0.0581}} {\times}{\rm MI}{\times}{\rm exp}^{{\left( {\left( {0.0333_{{\,\pm\,0.0021 }} {\minus}0.0040_{{\,\pm\,0.0011}} {\times}{\rm MI}} \right){\times}\left( {{\rm A}{\minus}{\rm }\left( {0.8302_{{\,\pm\,0.5092}} {\plus}6.0332_{{\,\pm\,0.3583}} {\times}{\rm MI}} \right)} \right)} \right)}} {\minus}\left( {0.12{\times}{\rm MI}} \right)$ ; ${\rm SFI}_{{\,\gt\,5}} {\equals}0.1225_{{\,\pm\,0.0005 }} {\times}{\rm MI}{\times}{\rm exp}^{{\left( {\left( {0.0217_{{\,\pm\,0.0006 }} {\minus}0.0015_{{\,\pm\,0.0001}} {\times}{\rm MI}} \right){\times}\left( {{\rm A}{\minus}\left( {3.5382_{{\,\pm\,1.3140 }} {\plus}1.9508_{{\,\pm\,0.1710}} {\times}{\rm MI}} \right)} \right)} \right)}} {\minus}\left( {0.12{\times}{\rm MI}} \right)$ where MI is the milk or milk replacer intake (l/day) and A the age (days). Cross-validation and bootstrap analyses demonstrated that these equations had high accuracy and moderate precision. In conclusion, the use of milk or milk replacer as liquid feed did not affect SFI, or development of SFI over time, which increased exponentially with calf age. Because SFI of calves receiving more than 5 l/day of milk/milk replacer had a different pattern over time than those receiving <5 l/day, separate prediction equations are recommended.

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Performance and health of Holstein calves fed different levels of milk fortified with symbiotic complex containing pre- and probiotics

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of methionine plus cysteine inclusion on performance and body composition of liquid-fed crossbred calves fed a commercial milk replacer and no starter feed

Effects of methionine plus cysteine inclusion on performance and body composition of liquid-fed crossbred calves fed a commercial milk replacer and no starter feed

Effects of different types of zinc supplement on the growth, incidence of diarrhea, immune function, and rectal microbiota of newborn dairy calves

Development of equations, based on milk intake, to predict starter feed intake of preweaned dairy calves

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