Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Di Diesel Engine Fuelled with Cashew Nut Shell Oil (CNSO)-Diesel Blends with Diethyl Ether as Additive

Abstract

Cashew nut shell oil (CNSO) is potential alternative fuel for diesel engine. Its drawback is incomplete combustion and low brake thermal efficiency (BTE) due to high viscosity. To overcome this problem the CNSO was blended with diethyl ether (DEE) which is less viscous and burns easily. The influence of blends on CO, NOx and smoke emission is investigated by emission tests. The fuel containing 20% CNSO and 80% diesel fuel (B20), 95% B20 and 5% DEE by volume (B20D5), 90% B20 and 10%DEE by volume (B20D10) 85% and B20 and 15% DEE by volume (B20D15) are tested. Initially the experiment was conducted with different blends of CNSO-diesel blends like 10%, 20%, & 30% by volume basis in a diesel engine.The aim for the research of alternative fuel is to replace the sufficient amount of diesel fuel without affecting the existing engine performances. Increasing CNSO diesel blends performances reduces marginally. B10 shows more closer performances to diesel fuel, but replacement of 10% only diesel is not much. Using B30 and higher blends gives poor result. Hence it was decided to be B20. In the second stage B20 as a base fuel and it is blended with DEE 5%, 10% & 15% by volume basis at different load conditions. The result shows that B20D15 has BTE 26.50% which is very close to the base diesel fuel. The B20D15 emits 1200 PPM of NOx while diesel emits 1195 PPM but B20 emits 1450 PPM of Nox. Carbon monoxide (CO) emission also reduces for different blends of DEE. The smoke emission is 3.96, 3.38, 3.15 FSN of B20, B20 D15 and diesel respectively.

Diethyl Ether as an Oxygenated Additive for Fossil Diesel/Vegetable Oil Blends: Evaluation of Performance and Emission Quality of Triple Blends on a Diesel Engine

“…It is important to take into account the different parameters in the engine as well as the different fuel loads that have been employed in each study. As can be seen in Table 4 and, to the best of our knowledge, literature about diesel engine fueled with diesel/DEE/oils blends is very recent and limited to a few studies belonging to M. Krishnamoorthi and A. Kumar [36][37][38]50]. Among these diesel/SVO/DEE triple blends, the greater percentage of substitution has been reached in [38,50] and, also, in the present study (40%).…”

“…Properties of diesel, sunflower oil, castor oil, and diethyl ether. All data collected in the Table were taken from the literature [36,[41][42][43], except for the kinematic viscosity values which were experimentally measured in this work. Sunflower oil was bought from a local market and castor oil (Panreac, Castellar Del Valles, Spain) was purchased from a local commercial representative.…”

“…Therefore, a mutual benefit can be obtained by the use of DEE with vegetable oils in triple blends with diesel, i.e., DEE reduces the high viscosity of the oils, whereas the oils could compensate for the heat and evaporation of DEE. In fact, DEE has been reported as a low-emission renewable fuel and high-quality combustion improver in blends with diesel fossil [27,28], with biodiesel [27,29,34,35], with oils [27,29] or with diesel/oil [36][37][38]. Besides, better performance of compression-ignition engines operating with DEE/diesel/biodiesel triple blends has been achieved [39,40].…”

Biodiesel at the Crossroads: A Critical Review

“…This isomer of butanol has several favorable properties for blending with diesel fuel, including very high cetane number, reasonable energy density for on-board storage, high oxygen content, low autoignition temperature, broad flammability limits, and high miscibility with vegetable oils and diesel fossil. Thus, DEE has been recently reported as a low-emission renewable fuel and high-quality combustion improver, for the utilization of several vegetable oils, as a biofuel in blends with diesel fossil [419,[442][443][444][445][446][447][448][449][450][451][452][453][454][455][456][457]. Similarly, dimethyl carbonate has been used as a component of triple mixtures to reduce the viscosity of straight vegetable oils [458,459].…”

A Review Study on the Using of Diethyl Ether in Diesel Engines: Effects on Fuel Properties and Engine Performance

“…Roy et al declared that BD20 blends exhibited cloud points below −20 °C when DEE was added . Kumar et al determined that DEE decreased the density and the viscosity of the biodiesel fuel blends ,. Ganesha and Chethan determined that the density, viscosity, flash point, fire point, cloud point, pour point and heating value of biodiesel‐diesel (BD10) blend decreased with increasing DEE concentration .…”