Performance and cost of automotive fuel cell systems with ultra-low platinum loadings

Ahluwalia, R.K.; Wang, X.; Kwon, Jiseok; Rousseau, Aymeric; Kalinoski, Jeff A.; James, Brian D.; Marcinkoski, Jason

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.01.059

Cited by 62 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…reduced coolant flow rate, simplified system layout, and coolant pumps no longer required which in turns increase the system efficiency [90]. Instead of using the sensible heat of the coolant, phase change cooling uses the latent heat of the coolant, which is usually very high and therefore requires a much lower coolant flow rates.…”

Section: Phase Change Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on management, mechanisms and modelling of thermal processes in PEMFC

Bvumbe¹,

Bujło²,

Tolj³

et al. 2016

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

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Abstract:In an effort to reduce the environmental impact of the energy sector that is mostly based on fossil fuels, researchers are looking for a clean alternative of our existing energy sources. Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells, and in particular Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) have emerged as a leading candidate for transportation as well as stationary and portable applications. Due to the irreversibility of the electrochemical reactions and ohmic heating in the fuel cell components, the PEMFC produces a significant amount of heat and this heat has to be removed in order to avoid cell or stack overheating. In this paper, a review of the key heat transfer mechanisms and the various cooling strategies that are available for heat removal from PEMFCs are presented. Due to the interrelated nature and difficulty of conducting in-situ thermal measurements on the operating PEMFCs, computational modelling provides a fast and efficient way of designing PEMFC cooling systems and understanding the heat transfer mechanisms. Therefore PEMFC thermal modelling is also highlighted together with present challenges and potential areas for further research and development works.

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Section: Phase Change Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on management, mechanisms and modelling of thermal processes in PEMFC

Bvumbe¹,

Bujło²,

Tolj³

et al. 2016

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

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“…Nevertheless, the CO poisoning dynamics is expected to be different in actual automotive PEMFC systems where the fuel is delivered in dead end mode with recirculation [25][26][27][28][29] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 makes necessary to use high gas recirculation rates since recirculated gas is used to humidify the H2 at the anode inlet [29]. In this respect, there is a lack of literature documenting the effect of fuel utilization on the CO poisoning dynamics of PEMFC systems with anode gas recirculation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fuel utilization on the carbon monoxide poisoning dynamics of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Pérez

Koski

Ihonen

et al. 2014

Journal of Power Sources

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The effect of fuel utilization on the poisoning dynamics by carbon monoxide (CO) is studied for future automotive conditions of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC). Three fuel utilizations are used, 70%, 40% and 25%. CO is fed in a constant concentration mode of 1 ppm and in a constant molar flow rate mode (CO concentrations between 0.18 and 0.57 ppm). The concentrations are estimated on a dry gas basis. The CO concentration of the anode exhaust gas is analyzed using gas chromatography. CO is detected in the anode exhaust gas almost immediately after it is added to the inlet gas. Moreover, the CO concentration of the anode exhaust gas increases with the fuel utilization for both CO feed modes. It is demonstrated that the lower the fuel utilization, the higher the molar flow rate of CO at the anode outlet at early stages of the CO poisoning. These results suggest that the effect of CO in PEMFC systems with anode gas recirculation is determined by the dynamics of its accumulation in the recirculation loop. Consequently, accurate quantification of impurities limits in current fuel specification (ISO 14687-2:2012) should be determined using anode gas recirculation.

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“…PEMFC due to the high power density, low temperature operating and quick start up, is very suitable for the vehicle power source, whose raw material hydrogen is ubiquitous and its reactant water is environmentally friendly; for this reason, it is an optimal resource [1][2][3]. However, the production and using costs of fuel cells are extremely expensive, though large fuel cell stacks are used in some buses at home and abroad, most of which are used in testing [4,5]. It is of high requirements in both mass and heat transfer of a large stack, resulting in the short using lifespan of the stack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and Test of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Golf Cart

Liang

Jian

2014

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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This paper establishes the simulation model of fuel cell hybrid golf cart (FCHGC), which applies the non-GUI mode of the Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR) and the genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize it. Simulation of the objective function is composed of fuel consumption and vehicle dynamic performance; the variables are the fuel cell stack power sizes and the battery numbers. By means of simulation, the optimal parameters of vehicle power unit, fuel cell stack, and battery pack are worked out. On this basis, GUI mode of ADVISOR is used to select the rated power of vehicle motor. In line with simulation parameters, an electrical golf cart is refitted by adding a 2 kW hydrogen air proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack system and test the FCHGC. The result shows that the simulation data is effective but it needs improving compared with that of the real cart test.

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Performance and cost of automotive fuel cell systems with ultra-low platinum loadings

Cited by 62 publications

References 11 publications

Review on management, mechanisms and modelling of thermal processes in PEMFC

Review on management, mechanisms and modelling of thermal processes in PEMFC

Effect of fuel utilization on the carbon monoxide poisoning dynamics of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Simulation and Test of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Golf Cart

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