Performance Analysis of Techniques Used for Determining Land Mines

Abstract

Today, remote sensing is used for different methods and different purposes. In all of the detection methods, some considerations such as low energy consumption, low cost, insensitivity to environmental changes, high accuracy, high reliability and robustness become important. Taking into account these facts, remote sensing methods are used in applications such as geological and archeological research, engineering areas, health services, preserving and controlling natural life, determination of underground sources, controlling air, sea and road traffic, military applications, etc. The method to be used is based on the object type to be detected, material to be made, and location to be found. The remote sensing methods from the past up to today can be listed as acoustic and seismic, ground penetration radar (GPR) detection, electromagnetic induction, infrared (IR) imaging, neutron quadrupole resonance (NQR), thermal neutron activation (TNA), neutron back scattering, X-ray back scattering, and magnetic anomaly detection. In these methods, detected raw images have to be processed, filtered and enhanced. In order to achieve these operations, some algorithms are needed to be developed. In this study, the methods used in detecting land mines remotely and their performance analysis have been given. In this way, the last situation on the advantages and disadvantages of methods used, application areas and detection accuracies are determined. Furthermore, the algorithms such as transmission line matrix (TLM), finite difference time-domain (FDTD), the method of moment (MoM), split step parabolic equation (SSPE) and image processing and intelligent algorithms are presented in detail.

Deep Learning-Based Real-Time Detection of Surface Landmines Using Optical Imaging

“…For the detection of buried plastic and metal case AP and AT landmines, there are standard sensors based on metal detectors [3][4][5], and subsurface ground penetrating radar [6], whic are also combined in dual mode handheld equipment [7][8][9]. More recently, the inspection of large areas has been achieved by antenna arrays of microwave radar [10], optical or infrared cameras [11,12], and magnetometers [13] mounted on UAVs [14][15][16] or mounted on robotic vehicles [17][18][19]. In addition to buried landmines, there are surficial explosive ordnances that are abandoned on the surface or deployed by cluster munition [20].…”

Method for Minefields Mapping by Imagery from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

“…The landmine clearance challenge is in the focus of attention of high-profile international and national organizations; experts from many countries of the world are working on its solution. A large number of different methods and systems for landmine clearance have been developed -see, for example, [2,3], which can significantly increase the demining efficiency, but the problem of deminer's personal safety remains pressing. This problem can be solved essentially by ground-based robotic…”

Detection and Imaging of Underground Objects for Distinguishing Explosives by Using a Fluxgate Sensor Array

“…The low false alarm rate (FAR) and fast detection feature are two important parameters in BE and improvised explosive device (IED) detection systems. High computational efficiency is required in the algorithm operated for optimum FAR and fast detection features [1]. For reliable operation, the buried explosive detection (BED) system should be able to interpret as much data as possible and assist the operator in the decision-making process [2].…”

“…The mass analysis technique is preferred more often for military purposes because it is faster. Ground penetrating radar [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], electromagnetic induction [1,14,15], nuclear quadrupole resonance [4,[16][17][18], acoustic seismic [1,[19][20][21][22], and neutron-based measurement [23][24][25][26][27][28] are the most important methods using mass analysis technique. In all of these methods, an underground signal is broadcast and the reflected signal from the buried object is evaluated by the BED system.…”