Performance analysis of slotted rectangular photonic crystal fiber structures in terahertz waveguidance

Abstract

. For an efficient and reliable transmission of data beyond 5G and 6G technologies, proper waveguide structures are needed. We present a rectangular solid-core slotted cladding photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and analyze its signal transmission capability in the terahertz (THz) regime. The proposed PCF performances have been investigated numerically using the finite element method. Various parameters, such as birefringence, core power fraction, effective material loss, effective area, mode-field diameter, beat length, dispersion, confinement loss, etc., have been studied by varying the geometry of the PCFs. The obtained simulation results exhibit dispersion of the order 2 ns / THz / cm, high birefringence of 0.0983, low confinement loss of the order 10 − 19 mm − 1, the effective area of 0.073 mm2, and high core power fraction of 99.8% in 0.2 to 2 THz range. All the parameters have been optimized among six different structures of the proposed PCF. This analysis will be helpful for the researchers to predict the transmission capability of THz waves in a rectangular PCF waveguide, which assures the boost in communication beyond 5G toward 6G evolution.

Optimization of strip-based hybrid plasmonic terahertz waveguide with distributed Bragg reflector layers

“…all depend on the structure of the waveguide. The polarization stability of the proposed DBR based hybrid THz waveguide is highly dependent on its birefringence, can be explained 23 , 32 , 33 as B(λ)=[neff(x)−neff(y)],where the neff(x) and neff(y) are the effective refractive index of x and y polarized modes, respectively 23 , 32 , 33 …”

“…On the other hand, the wavelength dependent beat length parameter is directly connected to the waveguide’s birefringence and can be determined 23 , 32 , 33 as Beat length=λB(λ),where λ is the wavelength in THz waves and B(λ) is the wavelength dependent of the birefringence of the waveguide structure. In this case, the waveguide having short beat length is preferred because it maintains the polarization state throughout the waveguide 23 , 33 , 34 . Moreover, the effective mode area, i.e., light carrying region, can be calculated for the fundamental propagating mode as 35 – 38 Aeff=((x,y)∂x∂y)2((x,y)2∂x∂y).…”

“…The MFD and dispersion are two more significant parameters for the waveguide that govern the guidance of THz electric field. The MFD is directly related to the Aeff area 23 , 32 , 33 as MFD=2πAeff.…”

“…The ultrashort THz pulse propagates in period (typically in ps order) as the various frequency range of the pulse moves at different velocities. The group velocity dispersion 39 is often quantified as group delay dispersion parameter and can be written 23 , 32 , 33 as D=−λc∂2x∂λ2.…”

“…If D is less than zero, the medium has negative dispersion (i.e., anomalous dispersion). Confinement loss, or the loss caused by a lack of light confinement in the core, is another crucial factor that can be estimated using the imaginary portion of the effective refractive index 23 , 32 , 33 as CL=4πfTHzc Img(neff),where c is the speed of the light in vacuum, fTHz is the frequency in THz, and Img(neff) is the imaginary part of the effective refractive index.…”