In view of recent developments in the utilization of terahertz (THz) communications technology for the increasing demands of high speed and data rates for various wireless applications, this research work targets the design and analysis of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR)based hybrid plasmonic THz waveguide. This THz waveguide operates at a frequency range from 2.5 to 3.5 THz. The proposed DBR-based hybrid plasmonic THz waveguide consists of DBR layers of gallium arsenide (GaAs) and aluminum arsenide, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as substrate, a GaAs stripe for wave-guidance, and few layers of graphene layers in HDPE for better confinement. To increase the light confinement between DBR and graphene, a GaAs strip is placed into HDPE. By altering the width and height of the GaAs strip, the parameters birefringence, mode field diameter (MFD), confinement loss, effective mode area, beat length, and dispersion have been fully examined. The obtained simulation results shows high birefringence of 0.6276, maximum MFD of 45 mm, low confinement loss of 7.5 × 10 −9 mm −1 , high effective mode area of 16.5 mm 2 , and low anomalous dispersion of 0.0023 (ps/THz/cm) in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 THz. This optimized THz waveguide may helps to enable in guided THz applications for photonic integrated circuits.

Terahertz (THz) technology is emerging field and is fascinating to the researchers who are working with photonics integrated circuits. With technological advancements and developments for various applications, a novel distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) based hybrid plasmonic terahertz waveguide (HPTW) is proposed and designed to operate at 3 THz with Graphene, Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Aluminium Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs) is discussed in this work. To bring the confinement of the THz wave in a small mode area efficiently, a stripe is introduced between graphene and DBR in HDPE. The normalized mode area is decreased to about 3.733 x 10-3 µm2 by reducing the stripe’s width from 20 to 14 µm with a constant of stripe’s height of 1 µm. The Figure of Merit (FOM) and Propagation Length (PL) increases inversely in correspondence with the stripe’s width from 1.4 to 4.8 and 6 to 16.8 µm respectively.

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To achieve high data rates and higher bandwidth, Terahertz (THz) radiation is a promising candidate for next generation wireless communications. This research study demonstrates that performance analysis of THz hybrid plasmonic waveguide fed patch antenna constructed around 2.5 to 3.5 THz. A hybrid plasmonic THz waveguide was used as a feed line for designed THz patch antenna to increase the antenna efficiency. The proposed plasmonic waveguide fed antenna consists of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), a high index material enclosed by low index material of Aluminium Arsenide (AlAs) and silver (Ag) to confine the light inside the GaAs region. A graphene film is placed between high density polyethylene (HDPE) in order to increase the light confinement. The variation of width and height of the GaAs region, the parameters effective refractive index, mode area, dispersion, confinement loss, birefringence, beat length, waveguide fed antenna gain, efficiency and bandwidth have been studied using mode analysis by finite element method. Utilizing finite element approach, the simulation results of proposed hybrid plasmonic THz waveguide fed patch antenna shows effective refractive index of 3.79, birefringence of 0.2, beat length of 123 mm, mode area of 1.88 mm2, mode field diameter of 15.8 mm, normal dispersion of 0.10 ps/THz/cm, low confinement loss of 1.79 x 10− 9 mm− 1, waveguide fed antenna gain of 5.11dBi, bandwidth of 112.9 GHz, efficiency of 76% in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 THz. The proposed THz waveguide fed antenna can be feasible for various photonic integrated circuits for future THz communication applications.