Performance Analysis of Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) in Large Scale Networks

Liu, Xiyuan; Sheng, Zhengguo; Yin, Changchuan; Ali, Falah H.; Roggen, Daniel

doi:10.1109/jiot.2017.2755980

Cited by 72 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As a result, it is found that the mean end to end delay is decreased when using hop count objective function with a greater packet delivery ratio when using RSSI-ETX objective function. Such results are obtained when using OMNET++ simulator [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…This mechanism is known as trickle timer mechanism used by DIO message [26]. A trickle timer also determines the frequency of sending messages in the network [15].…”

Section: B Trickle Timermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is called SIGMA-ETX which is used to optimize both existing objective functions OF0 and MRHOF by calculating the standard deviation of ETX value rather than the average value. SIGMA-ETX performed better in terms of packet delivery ratio, power consumption, lifetime and network latency as compared to legacy RPL protocol [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Routing with Energy Threshold for WSN-IoT Based on RPL Protocol

2019

IJCCCE

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Internet of Things (IoT) enables things to have connectivity through the internet. The number of things is growing fast and has to be uniquely identified through the Internet to communicate with other things. In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) each node can be considered as a thing. WSN node resources are very limited due to the need to communicate using low power and usually through unreliable links. Such limitations need an energy efficient routing protocol. WSN is considered as a type of Low power and Lossy Network (LLN). The routing protocol for low power and lossy network (RPL) is being adopted for LLN and has been standardized to enable connectivity of WSN over IoT. RPL constricted a topology similar to tree topology. Nodes in RPL optimized its path using an objective function (OF). OF depends on different node/link metrics in the optimization process. In this paper, an Energy Threshold RPL (ETRPL) protocol is proposed. ETRPL depends on a new objective function to enhance energy consumption of RPL protocol by taking into account the remaining energy of the preferred parent node. ETRPL is implemented using Cooja simulator. The results show that ETRPL provides an increase in the remaining energy of at least 87.4% for a small area with high number of nodes. ETRPL also performed better with regards to Time Delay, Packet Reception Ratio, and the number of dead nodes in a small area. For a large area, the performance is not encouraging. Thus the proposed ETRPL protocol is useful for IoT networks with relatively small areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…This mechanism is known as trickle timer mechanism used by DIO message [26]. A trickle timer also determines the frequency of sending messages in the network [15].…”

Section: B Trickle Timermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Routing with Energy Threshold for WSN-IoT Based on RPL Protocol

2019

IJCCCE

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“…RPL was standardized for 6LoWPAN networks bringing the concept of IoT into real life. Since then, many studies have evaluated the performance of RPL and they have suggested some improvements to potential shortcomings and open issues [13,14]. In the literature, many research works have carried out on various aspects of RPL based wireless sensor networks (WSNs), such as load balancing, energy conservation, QoS support, and protocol optimization [15].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Resource Oriented Route Selection Framework Using Contextual Information Based on Fuzzy Logic

Bhandari

Cho

2019

Electronics

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Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to have a significant impact on city’s service provisioning and make a smart city more accessible and pragmatic since the deployment of heterogeneous smart devices in each infrastructure of cities is increasing. So far, the IPv6 routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) is considered to fit on IoT infrastructure for achieving the expected network requirements. While RPL meets the IoT network requirements quite well, there are some issues that need to be addressed, such as adaptability to network dynamics. This issue significantly limits the use of RPL in many smart city application scenarios, such as emergency alerts with high traffic flows. As part of a smart city vision, IoT applications are becoming more diverse, which requires context-awareness in routing protocols to support the behavior of the network. To address this issue, we design an objective function that performs the route selection based on fuzzy logic techniques while using contextual information from the application. For this, we present a new context-oriented objective function (COOF) that comprises both nodes as well as link metrics. Further, we suggest two new routing metrics, known as queue fluctuation index (QFI) and residual energy index (REI), which consider the status of queue utilization and remaining energy, respectively. The metrics used are designed to respond to the dynamic needs of the network. The proposed approach has been examined and evaluated in different scenarios when compared to other similar approach and default RPL objective functions. Simulation experiments are conducted in Cooja network simulator for Contiki OS. The evaluation results show that COOF can cope with network dynamics and IoT-based smart city application requirements.

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“…There are various existing surveys and investigational analysis on security and privacy issues in the IoT eco-system. The work of Liu et al [21] carried an extensive analysis on performance of routing based approach in large sensor networks. Here, the authors have reviewed the fundamental principal of routing and its control messages.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel and Integrated Architecture for Securing Communication in IoT

Patil*,

Biradar

2019

IJITEE

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Although the IoT opens the door to endless possibilities, but it is also associated with many risks because all devices connected to the internet involve the use of data points. Therefore, it is essential to ensure IoT security and privacy. A review of existing research works highlights the usage of traditional security scheme based on cryptography for data transmission among IoT nodes and gateways. The proposed system proposes an integrated model that combines lightweight encryption technique with robust and cost-efficient authentication mechanism. The proposed system introduces digital signature-based authentication and complexity minimization in order to resist the involvement of any kind of unknown attacks. The simulation outcome of this model exhibits reliable security, faster response times and energy savings for IoT nodes.

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Performance Analysis of Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) in Large Scale Networks

Cited by 72 publications

References 33 publications

Routing with Energy Threshold for WSN-IoT Based on RPL Protocol

Routing with Energy Threshold for WSN-IoT Based on RPL Protocol

A Resource Oriented Route Selection Framework Using Contextual Information Based on Fuzzy Logic

A Novel and Integrated Architecture for Securing Communication in IoT

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