Performance Analysis of C-V2X Mode 4 Communication Introducing an Open-Source C-V2X Simulator

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles, on the ground and in the air, are the next big evolution in human mobility. While autonomous driving in highway scenarios is already possible using only the vehicles sensors, the complex scenarios of big cities with all its different traffic participants is still a vision. Cellular Vehicleto-Everything (C-V2X) communication is a necessary enabler of this vision and and an emerging field of interest in today's research. However, to the best of our knowledge open source simulators essential for open research do not exist yet. In this work we present our open source C-V2X mode 4 simulator based on the discrete-event network simulator ns-3. To analyze the performance of C-V2X mode 4 using our simulator, we created a worst case scenario and the 3GPP reference Manhattan grid scenario using the microscopic traffic simulator SUMO. We also added the WINNER+ B1 channel model to ns-3, as this is also used by 3GPP. Our results show, that C-V2X is scalable to 250 vehicles within a worst case scenario on a playground of 100 m x 100 m, with respect to the LTE rel. 14 V2X requirements. For the more realistic Manhattan grid scenario, the performance is better, as to be expected. We also analyzed the Packet Inter-Reception time with an outcome of max. 100 ms for more than 99 % of all transmissions. In addition, we investigated the impact of the Resource Reservation Period and the Resource Reselection Probability on the system's Packet Reception Ratio.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Logistics: Efficiency Gains and Communication Performance of Hybrid Combinations of Ground and Aerial Vehicles

“…To carry out our evaluation, standard Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs) are sent from the UAVs to the truck with a size of 190 Bytes every 100 ms [23]. These messages are likely safety-related, so the delay must be kept low and PDR should be high.…”

“…The statistical evaluation of the results is illustrated in Fig.9 and shows that C-V2X achieves a significant smaller latency than LTE. This stems from the applied C-V2X variant which implements Mode 4 behavior [23]. The channel is accessed directly, which gives the intra-User Equipment (UE) processing the dominant share on the overall delay.…”

LTE-V2X performance evaluation for cooperative collision avoidance (CoCA) systems

“…It has been showed that LTE-V2X outperforms the ITS-G5 protocol in terms of reliability and latency [4], two important indicators for traffic collision avoidance applications. LTE-V2X has already been evaluated for road safety scenarios in [5] [6]. One approach consists in the transmission of cooperative awareness messages (CAM) to share general information between vehicles such as the position, heading or speed.…”

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Cellular V2X Communication in Dense Vehicular Networks

“…In 1999, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the United States specified 75 MHz of spectrum in the 5.9 GHz band for vehicle safety applications and intelligent transportation system (ITS). Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) technology based on IEEE 802.11p, IEEE 1609.X, and SAE J2945 standards [1] and Cellular Vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) [2], [3]. Albeit the fact that DSRC is considered as the current primary solution for the vehicular communications, many contributors, e.g., regulators, automakers, and tier-1 suppliers have shown interest in C-V2X networks as an alternative.…”

“…Authors in [2] present a detailed survey on perspectives and contrasts between C-V2X and DSRC. Recently an open-source C-V2X network simulator is released by [3]. Authors in [11] propose a novel method for resource allocation in C-V2X networks based on clustering.…”