Performance analysis and evaluation of direct phase measuring deflectometry

Zhao, Ping; Gao, Nan; Zhang, Zonghua; Gao, Feng; Jiang, Xiangqian

doi:10.1016/j.optlaseng.2017.11.008

Cited by 53 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…3(b) is used to describe PMD method with multiple screens. [42][43][44][45][49][50][51] The reflected ray can be determined by the two or more points of intersection on the multiscreens. In Fig.…”

Section: Establishments Of Pmdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase measuring deflectometry for obtaining 3D shape of specular surface: a review of the state-of-the-art

et al. 2021

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Phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) is a superior technique to obtain three-dimensional (3D) shape information of specular surfaces because of its advantages of large dynamic range, noncontact operation, full-field measurement, fast acquisition, high precision, and automatic data processing. We review the recent advances on PMD. The basic principle of PMD is introduced following several PMD methods based on fringe reflection. First, a direct PMD (DPMD) method is reviewed for measuring 3D shape of specular objects having discontinuous surfaces. The DPMD method builds the direct relationship between phase and depth data, without gradient integration procedure. Second, an infrared PMD (IR-PMD) method is reviewed to measure specular objects. Because IR light is used as a light source, the IR-PMD method is insensitive to the effect of ambient light on the measured results and has high measurement accuracy. Third, a proposed method is reviewed to measure the 3D shape of partial reflective objects having discontinuous surfaces by combining fringe projection profilometry and DPMD. Then, the effects of error sources that mainly include phase error and geometric calibration error on the measurement results are analyzed, and the performance of the 3D shape measurement system is also evaluated. Finally, the future research directions of PMD are discussed.

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Section: Establishments Of Pmdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase measuring deflectometry for obtaining 3D shape of specular surface: a review of the state-of-the-art

et al. 2021

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“…To further advance the development of PMD, two improved deflectometry methods of direct PMD (DPMD) [ 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 ] and model PMD (MPMD) [ 102 , 103 , 104 ] have been presented, which will be reviewed in the following two subsections, respectively.…”

Section: Improved Phase-measuring Deflectometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhao et al proposed a virtual measurement system to optimize the system parameters and evaluate the performance of the system for DPMD applications [ 101 ]. Four system parameters were analyzed to obtain accurate measurement results.…”

Section: Improved Phase-measuring Deflectometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Shape Measurements of Specular Objects Using Phase-Measuring Deflectometry

Zhang

Wang

Huang

et al. 2017

Sensors

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The fast development in the fields of integrated circuits, photovoltaics, the automobile industry, advanced manufacturing, and astronomy have led to the importance and necessity of quickly and accurately obtaining three-dimensional (3D) shape data of specular surfaces for quality control and function evaluation. Owing to the advantages of a large dynamic range, non-contact operation, full-field and fast acquisition, high accuracy, and automatic data processing, phase-measuring deflectometry (PMD, also called fringe reflection profilometry) has been widely studied and applied in many fields. Phase information coded in the reflected fringe patterns relates to the local slope and height of the measured specular objects. The 3D shape is obtained by integrating the local gradient data or directly calculating the depth data from the phase information. We present a review of the relevant techniques regarding classical PMD. The improved PMD technique is then used to measure specular objects having discontinuous and/or isolated surfaces. Some influential factors on the measured results are presented. The challenges and future research directions are discussed to further advance PMD techniques. Finally, the application fields of PMD are briefly introduced.

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“…In order to minimize the discrepancy between the reprojection in ray tracing and the actual measurement, the surface height and gradient were represented by mathematical models and updated by optimizing the model coefficients. A direct PMD (DPMD) method was proposed to directly build the relationship between absolute phase maps and depth data by a mathematical model [21,22,23]. The DPMD method eliminated the procedure of gradient integral and therefore reduced the cumulative error.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Three-Dimensional Shape of Discontinuous Specular Objects Using Infrared Phase-Measuring Deflectometry

Chang

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Phase-measuring deflectometry (PMD)-based methods have been widely used in the measurement of the three-dimensional (3D) shape of specular objects, and the existing PMD methods utilize visible light. However, specular surfaces are sensitive to ambient light. As a result, the reconstructed 3D shape is affected by the external environment in actual measurements. To overcome this problem, an infrared PMD (IR-PMD) method is proposed to measure specular objects by directly establishing the relationship between absolute phase and depth data for the first time. Moreover, the proposed method can measure discontinuous surfaces. In addition, a new geometric calibration method is proposed by combining fringe projection and fringe reflection. The proposed IR-PMD method uses a projector to project IR sinusoidal fringe patterns onto a ground glass, which can be regarded as an IR digital screen. The IR fringe patterns are reflected by the measured specular surfaces, and the deformed fringe patterns are captured by an IR camera. A multiple-step phase-shifting algorithm and the optimum three-fringe number selection method are applied to the deformed fringe patterns to obtain wrapped and unwrapped phase data, respectively. Then, 3D shape data can be directly calculated by the unwrapped phase data on the screen located in two positions. The results here presented validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. It can be used to measure specular components in the application fields of advanced manufacturing, automobile industry, and aerospace industry.

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Performance analysis and evaluation of direct phase measuring deflectometry

Cited by 53 publications

References 22 publications

Phase measuring deflectometry for obtaining 3D shape of specular surface: a review of the state-of-the-art

Phase measuring deflectometry for obtaining 3D shape of specular surface: a review of the state-of-the-art

Three-Dimensional Shape Measurements of Specular Objects Using Phase-Measuring Deflectometry

Measurement of the Three-Dimensional Shape of Discontinuous Specular Objects Using Infrared Phase-Measuring Deflectometry

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